全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11982篇 |
免费 | 1472篇 |
国内免费 | 1079篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 10949篇 |
晶体学 | 43篇 |
力学 | 941篇 |
综合类 | 159篇 |
数学 | 589篇 |
物理学 | 1852篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 32篇 |
2023年 | 195篇 |
2022年 | 372篇 |
2021年 | 557篇 |
2020年 | 653篇 |
2019年 | 503篇 |
2018年 | 472篇 |
2017年 | 469篇 |
2016年 | 712篇 |
2015年 | 613篇 |
2014年 | 702篇 |
2013年 | 1301篇 |
2012年 | 771篇 |
2011年 | 722篇 |
2010年 | 513篇 |
2009年 | 583篇 |
2008年 | 554篇 |
2007年 | 654篇 |
2006年 | 523篇 |
2005年 | 495篇 |
2004年 | 433篇 |
2003年 | 362篇 |
2002年 | 331篇 |
2001年 | 233篇 |
2000年 | 238篇 |
1999年 | 215篇 |
1998年 | 192篇 |
1997年 | 165篇 |
1996年 | 139篇 |
1995年 | 131篇 |
1994年 | 82篇 |
1993年 | 106篇 |
1992年 | 97篇 |
1991年 | 64篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 34篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 33篇 |
1986年 | 28篇 |
1985年 | 28篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
P. A. V. Ferreira M. E. S. Machado 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1996,89(3):659-680
Projection and relaxation techniques are employed to decompose a multiobjective problem into a two-level structure. The basic manipulation consists in projecting the decision variables onto the space of the implicit tradeoffs, allowing the definition of a relaxed multiobjective master problem directly in the objective space. An additional subproblem tests the feasibility of the solution encountered by the relaxed problem. Some properties of the relaxed problem (linearity, small number of variables, etc.) render its solution efficient by a number of methods. Representatives of two different classes of multiobjective methods [the Geoffrion, Dyer, Feinberg (GDF) method and the fuzzy method of Baptistella and Ollero] are implemented and applied within this context to a water resources allocation problem. The results attest the computational viability of the overall procedure and its usefulness for the solution of multiobjective problems.This work was partially sponsored by grants from CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil. The authors are indebted to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. 相似文献
82.
Yuichiro Tada Masakatsu Ueno Noriaki Tsuchihashi Kiyoshi Shimizu 《Journal of solution chemistry》1992,21(9):971-985
The limiting molar conductances ° of deuterium chloride DCl in D2O were determined as a function of pressure and temperature in order to examine the proton-jump mechanism in detail. The excess deuteron conductances °E(D
+), as estimated by the equation [°E(D
+) = °(DCl/D
2
O) – °(KCl/D
2
O)], increases with an increase in the pressure and temperature as well as the excess proton conductance [°E(H
+) = °(HCl/H
2
O) – °(KCl/H
2
O)]. The isotope effect on the excess conductances, however, depends on the pressure and temperature contrary to the model proposed by Conway et al.: °E(H
+)/°E(D
+) decreases with increasing pressure and temperature. The magnitude of the decrease with pressure becomes more prominent at lower temperature. These results are discussed in terms of the pre-rotation of adjacent water molecules, the bending of hydrogen bonds with pressure, and the difference in strength of hydrogen bonds between D2O and H2O. 相似文献
83.
84.
合成丙交酯中微量水分分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
合成丙交酯中微量水分分析徐溢,柳胜春(重庆大学化工学院分析教研室630044)关键词丙交酯,微量水,定量分析丙交酯是人工合成骨材料聚乳酸的合成中间体,其性能决定着合成产品的品质,要获得高质量的合成材料,对中间体的分析和监测十分重要。一般要求丙交酯中间... 相似文献
85.
86.
外加无机电解质对煤浆性质调控作用的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
考察了数种无机电解质对煤浆分散体系流变特性的影响。结果发现,煤浆的流变特性不仅与电解质种类有关,还取决于煤质特征。某些煤适,适量的无机电解质可使浆体的屈报胀塑料转化为屈服假塑性。 相似文献
87.
已有熔铁氨合成催化剂中添加稀土的报道.我们通过添加稀土得到了几种活性较高的催化剂,经进一步改进制备工艺(水浸处理后),活性又有所提高.本文利用XRD和AES等,对经水浸前后的含稀土催化剂的结构进行了测试,探讨了水浸后活性提高的原因. 相似文献
88.
89.
The use of allyl protecting group mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) as a strategy for intramolecular glycosylation has been extended to allow the stereoselective synthesis of α-glucofuranosides and β-rhamnopyranosides, in a totally stereoselective fashion. The efficiency of intramolecular glycosylation is dependent on the protecting group pattern of the glycosyl donor, and on the steric bulk of the glycosyl acceptor. 相似文献
90.
N. Garti A. Aserin I. Tiunova S. Ezrahi 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1998,51(1):63-78
Sub-zero temperature DSC measurements were conducted to evaluate the behavior of water in non-ionic microemulsions. Two surfactant
systems were studied. The first, based on ethoxylated fatty alcohol, octaethylene glycol monon-dodecylether [hereafter referred to as C12(EO)8] and also containing water, pentanol and dodecane at a fixed weight ratio of 1:1. The second system, based on oligomeric
ethoxylated siloxanes, water and dodecanol as oil phase. In both systems it was found that in up to 30 wt.% of the total water
content, all water molecules solubilize in the amphiphilic phase and are bound to the ethylene oxide (hereafter referred to
as EO) head-groups. No free water exists in the surfactant aggregates’ core. Up to three molecules of water are bound to each
EO group.
In the first system, the behavior changes significantly upon adding more water. The added pentanol allows further swelling
and the water penetrates into the amphiphile structures and forms a reservoir of free water. Structures are deformed and grow
from elongated channels (up to 15–20 wt.% water), via illdefined (one-dimensional growth) local lamellar structures (up to
ca. 60 wt.% water) to spherical normal, O/W micelles (at ≥85 wt.% water).
In contrast, the oligomeric systems, due to geometrical restrictions of the amphiphiles and the nature of their curvature
that prevents inversion, cannot further solubilize water in the surfactant aggregates’ core, causing phase separation to occur.
Part of the results presented in this paper were included in S. E.’s doctoral thesis in Applied Chemistry at The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Israel. 相似文献