Luttinger liquid with asymmetric dispersion

We present an extension of the Tomonaga-Luttinger model in which left and right-moving particles have different Fermi velocities. We derive expressions for one-particle Green's functions, momentum-distributions, density of states, charge compressibility and conductivity as functions of both the velocity difference ε and the strength of the interaction β. This allows us to identify a novel restricted region in the parameter space in which the system keeps the main features of a Luttinger liquid but with an unusual behavior of the density of states and the static charge compressibility κ. In particular κ diverges on the boundary of the restricted region, indicating the occurrence of a phase transition. Received 20 May 2002 / Received in final form 23 August 2002 Published online 19 November 2002     

Investigation on Ochratoxin A stability using different extraction techniques

The stability of Ochratoxin A during its extraction using different extraction techniques has been evaluated. Microwave-assisted extraction and pressurised liquid extraction, in addition to two other reference methods of extraction, i.e. ultrasound-assisted and magnetic stirring-assisted extraction, were evaluated. The effect of extraction temperature using the cited techniques was checked.The results show that Ochratoxin A can be extracted using microwave-assisted extraction at temperatures up to 150 °C without degradation. Pressurised liquid extraction can be used at temperatures up to 100 °C, for extraction times of less than 30 min. Further, both ultrasound-assisted extraction and magnetic stirring extraction can be applied at temperatures up to 65 °C.High-performance liquid chromatography combined with fluorescence detection using a Chromolith RP-18e column at a flow rate of 5 mL min⁻¹ was used to quantify the Ochratoxin A. The retention time for the Ochratoxin A was 1.3 min. The limits of detection (LOD) and of quantification (LOQ) were 0.03 and 0.10 μg L⁻¹, respectively.     

HPLC-MS/MS技术在中华绒螯蟹硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量检测中的应用

建立了中华绒螯蟹中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法.取均质后的中华绒螯蟹可食部分样品,用盐酸水解组织中蛋白结合代谢物,经2-硝基苯甲醛37℃过夜衍生化,调节pH值至约7.0～7.4后,用乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷净化.选用电喷雾离子源,在正离子、多反应监测方式模式下进行定性,以同位素内标法进行定量.方法的检出限为0.5 μg·kg-1,工作曲线的线性范围为1.25～50.0 μg·L-1.在添加浓度为0.5～10.0 μg·kg-1的范围内,AMOZ、SEM、AHD和AOZ的回收率分别在92.8%～106%、84.5%～94.6%、80.6%～98.6%和88.4%～105%之间,相对标准偏差均小于10%.     

Quantification of trace elements in human serum fractions by liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

On‐line coupling of LC and ICP‐MS has been used for fractionation and detection of species of Cu, Fe, I, Se and Zn in human serum. It has been shown that anion exchange chromatography provided better separation capability (both intra‐ and inter‐element) than size‐exclusion chromatography. The mobile phases for ion exchange chromatography consisted of Tris–HNO₃ buffer and ammonium salt (nitrate, acetate or formate). Formate was found to be the best mobile phase counter ion, enabling good chromatographic separation, and is acceptable for mass spectrometry too. The quantitative evaluation of element concentrations adhering to individual fractions was performed by the peak area normalization method. The repeatability of results ranged from 3 to 15% (depending on the element concentration level) and represented the main part of the result uncertainty. The accuracy of Cu and Zn fraction determinations was confirmed by comparison with the isotope dilution technique. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Champ de vitesse dans un échangeur à vortex en régime turbulentHeat exchanger velocity field with turbulent inlet condition

We consider the isothermal flow through a cylindrical flat chamber, a model of some particular heat exchanger, for which LDV measurements and a numerical simulation have been performed. Experimental results show the establishment of an important vortex zone, the secondary flow extending all along the chamber radius. This observation leads to an expected significant increase of the fluid mixing. Results issued from the numerical simulation appear to be in close agreement with experimental data. Nevertheless, the k–ε model used here must be improved to obtain a better approach near the vortex centre. To cite this article: S. Petitot et al., C. R. Mecanique 330 (2002) 593–599.     

运输网络中最小饱和流的求解

运输网络中常常由于流量的不可控易发生堵塞现象.网络发生堵塞时的饱和流值达不到最大流值.最小饱和流是运输网络,尤其是紧急疏散网络设计中很重要的一个参数.通过建立网络的割集矩阵来确定网络的堵塞截面,基于此提出了求解最小饱和流的线性规划模型及算法.举例分析表明,利用该算法计算网络最小饱和流更加简便、更加实用.     

不连续双斜向内肋管纵向涡流动显示

利用染色线流动显示方法,显示并分析了不同雷诺数下不连续双斜向内肋管管内流场。流动显示实验结果表明不连续双斜向内肋管管内存在较强的贴近壁面的纵向涡,纵向涡沿流向可持续约一倍管径距离,并且纵向涡的强度随雷诺数的增加而增强。     

The flow of a variable viscosity fluid between parallel plates with shear heating

A model for the flow of a fluid through a channel with parallel plates is investigated. The channel is narrow, so that the lubrication approximation may be applied. The channel walls are maintained at a constant temperature. Shear heating effects are included and the fluid viscosity decreases exponentially with temperature. When the flow is driven solely by shear stress or imposed velocity at the top, analytical progress is possible. When pressure gradient also drives the flow the problem is solved numerically.     

倾斜下降管气液两相分层流截面含气率的计算与液层高度的预测

分层流是气液两相流中常见的流动型式，分层流中液层高度是计算的基本数据，由于界面波的存在，对液层的测量和预测都很困难．Ｖｌａｃｈｏｓ提出了预测气液两相分层流液层厚度的关系式，但这一关系式并不适用于倾斜下降管气液两相流．本文提出了计算倾斜下降管气液两相分层流截面含气率的理论模型，在这种模型下得到的截面含气率和实验结果符合良好．在大量实验的基础上，考虑了倾角、管径、气液各相折算速度的影响，根据实验数据提出了预测液层厚度的关系式。     

简析"静止液体内部压强公式验证"实验的设计策略

“静止液体内部压强公式验证”在现行教材中有两种实验方法。通过分析实验的设计策略，说明其作用、效果及操作上的困难，指出合理的与不合理诸因素，从而提出改进实验的方法，化难为易，提高实验教学效果。