“城市让生活更美好”的验证及影响因素分析

上海世博会"城市让生活更美好"的主题具有丰富的内涵,城市居民的生活美好水平可通过与周边乡村居民的生活比较进行测量,其影响因素有富裕、和谐、美化、安全等。在设计生活美好指数评价指标和影响因素测量指标的基础上,构建指数测量和影响因素分析的二阶段模型,并以2007年中国31省市的地市级城市的截面数据为样本,采用改进的模糊积分和格兰杰检验方法进行实证分析,得出"城市让生活更美好"命题成立,而对城市美好生活具有重要有利影响的因素主要是城市和谐、城市美化、城市开放和城市进步的结论。     

An instrumentation system to measure the loads acting on the tractor PTO bearing during rotary tillage

Application of rotary tillage has been increased due to less tillage passes required, reduced draft, and greater efficiency through reduction in wheel slippage. Early failure of the bearing of tractor power take-off (PTO) shaft was observed in tractors of power range 30–35 horsepower during rotary tillage. An instrumentation setup involving an extended octagonal ring transducer (EORT) was developed and installed at the bottom of the bearing to measure the axial load and the vertical component of the radial load. The horizontal component of radial load was measured by strain gauges. Based on measured loads, the bearing life was assessed. Independent variables were: operating depth, number of blades, gear setting, engine speed, and tyre size. The average axial and radial loads varied from 786–3869 N, and 134–430 N, respectively. However, bearing experienced very high peak loads during each trial. The peak axial and radial loads was recorded between 1081–7534 N and 566–1794 N, respectively. The estimated bearing life based on peak loads was 171.98–28341.39 h. Based on the findings, it may be concluded that the average loads were not sufficient to cause quick failure of PTO bearing, rather sudden peak loads might be the root cause of early failure.     

螺旋压缩弹簧应力松弛特性试验分析及其应用

本文通过应力松弛试验、理论推导及数值模拟研究了高温下螺旋压缩弹簧的应力松弛规律,并利用加速模型对工况下弹簧应力松弛服役寿命做出预测。首先,根据螺旋压缩弹簧的结构特点搭建了弹簧应力松弛连续动态测试装置,该装置不仅避免了传统测试方法存在的缺陷,而且能够保证试验过程中位移载荷恒定,并实时监测载荷变化。本文以某飞机舱门单锁机构中的螺旋压缩弹簧为试验对象进行了不同温度条件下的应力松弛试验,得到其松弛动力学曲线,并基于Arrhenius模型建立了弹簧在工况下的应力松弛服役寿命预测模型;其次,基于应力松弛和蠕变在本质上的一致性,结合金属材料蠕变规律并根据试验弹簧的受力特点,推导出用于描述试验材料松弛行为的蠕变本构方程,由试验结果获得该本构方程的材料常数;最后,通过该本构方程及材料常数,在ANSYS软件中对试验弹簧的松弛过程进行模拟,结果表明,模拟结果与试验结果误差不大于4%。因此,通过本文方法所建立的蠕变方程对弹簧在不同载荷条件下的应力松弛规律进行仿真分析具有一定的可行性与准确性。     

XeO^＊和Xes^＊紫外荧光的某些特性

研究了在Xe(6p)激发态与N_2O和OCS反应中,产物XeO~*和XeS~*的紫外荧光特性.实验证实它们具有短的寿命以及发射谱在高压Ar中的振动弛豫效应.     

振动钻削微小孔中钻头寿命与振动参数的二次回归试验研究

本文采用正交组合设计的试验方法，对振动钻削微小孔加工中钻头寿命与轴向振动参数之间的非线性关系进行了二次回归试验，得到了最优回归方程。用回归方程给出的最佳振动参数钻孔，钻头寿命提高了９６．３％     

The evolution of catalytic function

It is very likely that the main driving force of enzyme evolution is the requirement to improve catalytic and regulatory efficiency which results from the intrinsic performance as well as from the spatial and functional organization of enzymes in living cells.Kinetic co-operativity may occur in simple monomeric proteins if they display “slow” conformational transitions, at the cost of catalytic efficiency. Oligomeric enzymes on the other hand can be both efficient and co-operative. We speculate that the main reason for the emergence of co-operative oligomeric enzymes is the need for catalysts that are both cooperative and efficient. As it is not useful for an enzyme to respond to a change of substrate concentration in a complex kinetic way, the emergence of symmetry has its probable origin in a requirement for “functional simplicity”.In a living cell, enzyme are associated with other macromolecules and membranes. The fine tuning of their activity may also be reached through mutations of the microenvironment. Our hypothesis is that these mutations are related to the vectorial transport of molecules, to achieve the hysteresis loops of enzyme reactions generated by the coupling of reaction and diffusion, through the co-operativity brought about by electric interactions between a charged substrate and a membrane, and last but not least, through oscillations. As the physical origins of these effects are very simple and do not require complex molecular devices, it is very likely that the functional advantage generated by the spatial and functional organization of enzyme molecules within the cell have appeared in prebiotic catalysis or very early during the primeval stages of biological evolution.We shall began this paper by presenting the nature of the probable earliest catalysts in the RNA world.     

PANSYSTEMS PHILOSOPHY,PANSYSTEMS MATHEMATICS(PPPM)AND APPLICATIONS TO APTMS:AFFAIROLOGY,PHYSICS,TECHNOLOGY,MEDICIEN AND STRATEGICS(Ⅱ)

A new type of philosophy and mathematics from the pansystems view is introduced here,including the7 philosophy theories(7PT)and related mathematizing researches.Many second/third philosophies are developed within pansystems framework and related applications to APTMS.     

Variations in economic quality of life indicators in the U.S.A.: An interstate observation over time

Economic quality of life indices are constructed by the standardized additive method and the weighted factor loading method using more than 20 variables in each of 5 components. The resulting values are given for 1960, 1970, 1978 for all 50 states.