精密角接触球轴承的固体润滑失效分析

角接触球轴承是航天器的许多重要功能的实施部件，因而对其润滑性能的要求极为严格，迫切需要弄清其润滑失效机理。因此，对ＭｏＳ２溅射膜润滑的Ｃ６２０５球轴承进行了寿命试验，进而对经过丙酮超声清洗的各元件工作面的形貌和组成作了系统分析。     

沥青混凝土面板低温疲劳破坏的实验研究

我国北方地区的土石坝和水池的防渗沥青混凝土面板,常出现低温裂缝。因此,对沥青混凝土在低温条件下的温度应力疲劳进行实验研究很有必要.本项研究研制了适用于沥青混凝土低温低周大变形的弯曲疲劳试验机,进行了沥青混凝土在不同低温下的疲劳破坏性能试验。对试验结果用粘弹性理论和推广的应变区分法(SRP)和应变能区分法(SEP)进行了分析,首次得出了沥青混凝土的疲劳寿命与弯曲应力、应变和应变能的关系,并试用于实际工程的予测.     

随机载荷作用下结构疲劳损伤的累积

本文提出了一种计算在随机载荷作用下具有随机疲劳强度的结构的累积疲劳损伤与疲劳寿命的概率密度函数及可靠性函数的方法.对在平稳窄带高斯随机应力作用下的金属与钢筋混凝土构件,给出了上述函数的解析表达式.数例计算表明,理论结果与数字模拟结果颇为吻合.     

一种考虑拉伸保持效应的多轴疲劳寿命模型

通过定义考虑拉伸保载效应的CFI因子(creep-fatigue interaction factor)，将拉伸蠕变损伤和疲劳损伤进行非线性耦合. 根据断裂实验的观察，针对拉伸主 导的裂纹萌生、扩展及破坏的多轴疲劳问题，给出了一个基于临界面方法的能量型高温多轴 疲劳寿命预测模型. 所给出的模型可对不同温度、不同载荷特点、不同保载时间的多轴疲劳 寿命进行预测，模型的材料参数不依赖于温度和载荷. 并且此方法可以很方便地推广到其它 因素主导破坏的高温多轴疲劳寿命预测. 通过拟合高温合金Udimet720Li单轴带保持时间的 低循环疲劳(low cycle fatigue, LCF)寿命试验数据，得到了材料常数. 结合黏 塑性有限元分析方法，对高温双轴带保载循环载荷下Cruciform试件的寿命进行了 预测，预测结果基本落在2倍分散带内，达到工程的要求，证明了该模型的有效性.     

薄板刚度对点焊接头强度特性影响

本文介绍了三种形状的薄板材料点焊接头试件的拉伸试验及疲劳试验结果,探讨了改变薄板刚度对点焊接头静强度和疲劳寿命的影响。应用断裂力学理论及有限单元法计算焊核周围裂尖各点的应力强度因子K_Ⅰ、K_Ⅱ、K_Ⅲ及有效应力强度因子K_(φθmax),并用这些力学参数分析了不同刚度点焊接头试件的静强度和疲劳寿命。结果表明有效应力强度因子K_(φθmax)是评价拉剪点焊头疲劳寿命的有效力学参数。     

疲劳损伤问题中有效应力的一种定义

有效应力是损伤力学中的一个重要概念,这个概念的提出为用无损状态下的本构方程描述有损伤材料的行为提供了有效手段.本文探讨损伤力学中有效应力的定义,通过对损伤演化规律的分析,指出有效应力的一般定义不适用于疲劳损伤问题.本文认为,疲劳问题中的有效应力应该以等效寿命为基础,并根据剩余寿命的概念引入了疲劳损伤问题中有效应力的一种定义.     

β-Sheet-induced chirogenesis in polymerization of oligopeptides

The origin of long homochiral biopolymers in living systems has recently been the focus of intense research. In one particular research line, scientists studied, experimentally and theoretically, chiral amplification obtained during peptide formation by polymerization of amino acid building blocks. It was suggested that processes leading to temporal or spatial separation, and thus, to the growth of homochiral polymers at the expense of their heterochiral counterparts, can explain the chirality observed in larger molecules. We introduce a simple model and stochastic simulation for the polymerization of amino acids and β-sheet formation, showing the crucial effects of the β sheets on the distributions of peptide lengths. When chiral affinities are included, racemic β sheets of alternating homochiral strands lead to the formation of chiral peptides, the isotacticity of which increases with length, consistent with previous experimental results in aqueous solutions. The tendency to form isotactic peptides is shown for both initially racemic and initially nonracemic systems, as well as for closed and open systems. We suggest that these or similar mechanisms may explain the origin of chiroselectivity in prebiotic environments.     

“城市让生活更美好”的验证及影响因素分析

上海世博会"城市让生活更美好"的主题具有丰富的内涵,城市居民的生活美好水平可通过与周边乡村居民的生活比较进行测量,其影响因素有富裕、和谐、美化、安全等。在设计生活美好指数评价指标和影响因素测量指标的基础上,构建指数测量和影响因素分析的二阶段模型,并以2007年中国31省市的地市级城市的截面数据为样本,采用改进的模糊积分和格兰杰检验方法进行实证分析,得出"城市让生活更美好"命题成立,而对城市美好生活具有重要有利影响的因素主要是城市和谐、城市美化、城市开放和城市进步的结论。     

An instrumentation system to measure the loads acting on the tractor PTO bearing during rotary tillage

Application of rotary tillage has been increased due to less tillage passes required, reduced draft, and greater efficiency through reduction in wheel slippage. Early failure of the bearing of tractor power take-off (PTO) shaft was observed in tractors of power range 30–35 horsepower during rotary tillage. An instrumentation setup involving an extended octagonal ring transducer (EORT) was developed and installed at the bottom of the bearing to measure the axial load and the vertical component of the radial load. The horizontal component of radial load was measured by strain gauges. Based on measured loads, the bearing life was assessed. Independent variables were: operating depth, number of blades, gear setting, engine speed, and tyre size. The average axial and radial loads varied from 786–3869 N, and 134–430 N, respectively. However, bearing experienced very high peak loads during each trial. The peak axial and radial loads was recorded between 1081–7534 N and 566–1794 N, respectively. The estimated bearing life based on peak loads was 171.98–28341.39 h. Based on the findings, it may be concluded that the average loads were not sufficient to cause quick failure of PTO bearing, rather sudden peak loads might be the root cause of early failure.