Evaluating the impact of average cost based contracts on the industrial sector in the European emission trading scheme

The inception of the emission trading scheme in Europe has contributed to power price increases. Energy intensive industries have reacted by arguing that this may affect their competitiveness and will induce them to leave Europe. Taking up a proposal of these industrial sectors, we explore the possible application of special contracts, where electricity is sold at average generation cost to mitigate the impact of CO₂ cost on power prices. The model supposes fixed generation capacities. We first consider a reference model representing a perfectly competitive market where all consumers (industries and the rest of the market) are price-takers and buy electricity at short-run marginal cost. We then change the market design by assuming that energy intensive industries pay power either at a regional or at a zonal average cost price. The analysis is conducted with simulation models applied to the Central Western European power market. The models are implemented in GAMS/PATH. This work has been financially supported by the Chair Lhoist Berghmans in Environmental Economics and Management and by the Italian project PRIN 2006, Generalized monotonicity: models and applications, whose national responsible is Prof. Elisabetta Allevi.     

在时间尺度上研究带有脉冲的泄漏时滞细胞神经网络反周期解的动态特征

在时间尺度上,通过使用叠合度理论中的连续定理和微分不等式技巧,研究带有脉冲的时变泄漏时滞细胞神经网络模型的反周期解,获得了一些使带有脉冲的时变泄漏时滞细胞神经网络模型的反周期解存在和全局指数稳定的充分条件,并将以前的结论在时间尺度上做了扩展.     

气相井喷的泄漏源模型及其仿真

 钻井过程的井喷是气田开发中最严重的事故之一,研究气相井喷的泄漏和扩散进而为现场应急提供科学依据,必须首先明确钻井过程中井喷的泄漏源模型。采用流体力学特别是气体动力学理论与计算流体力学技术相结合的方法,分析和模拟了气相井喷的泄漏源模型。通过基于理论分析的数值仿真,得到了气相井喷的温度、静压和马赫数分布等气体动力学参数,仿真结果与理论分析以及相关实验的结论具有很好的一致性。研究表明,钻井过程中气相井喷的泄漏源可以用塞流模型表征,气相井喷可视为欠膨胀射流。     

跨音压气机转子近失速工况叶尖非定常流动分析

对跨音压气机Rotor35进行单通道全三维定常/非定常数值模拟,并与试验总性能和流场分布对比校核了数值计算精度。以此为基础开展的近失速工况点的非定常计算发现,来自相邻叶片通道未形成泄漏涡的间隙泄漏流体与来流、激波与泄漏涡干涉形成的低能破碎区相互作用形成了叶尖二次涡。叶尖二次涡向下游运动过程中,其所处的位置和产生的阻塞影响了近叶顶载荷的分布,最终使得叶尖部流场出现了循环往复的自维持的非定常波动现象。     

绝缘磁芯平面变压器的漏磁补偿

针对绝缘磁芯平面变压器因绝缘膜而产生的漏磁问题,提出了在每层次级线圈的两端并联补偿电容的解决方法。通过理论分析给出了补偿电容大小的推导公式,利用CST和Protel对搭建的绝缘磁芯平面变压器的仿真计算发现,引入补偿电容后,变压器总的输出电压提高了约17.6%,同时各层次级线圈输出电压的大小基本相同。仿真结果与实验结果一致,从而验证了并联补偿电容方法的有效性。     

氯苯基硅油润滑球轴承在真空环境下摩擦性能与泄漏量研究

阐明氯苯基硅油润滑球轴承的润滑机理,对不同真空度和转速下的轴承摩擦力矩进行研究.在真空度3×10 ^-5Pa条件下,选用FY-3卫星“紫外臭氧垂直探测仪”光学调制器电机样机和进口电机进行8个月工程试验后,利用高倍显微镜分析试验轴承表观状态,并分析氯苯基硅油的泄漏量.结果表明:在3×10^-5Pa下,所用试验轴承的摩擦力矩值随着转速的增大而趋向稳定;氯苯基硅油润滑球轴承摩擦力矩的变化量为9.8×10^-4Nm,小于采用Maplub101润滑的进口电机轴承摩擦力矩变化量;试验期间氯苯基硅油的泄漏量为1.92mg,证明采用氯苯基硅油润滑适合光学调制器在真空环境下长期运转     

Gd3+、Co3+共掺杂铁酸铋薄膜多铁性增强及带隙调谐

多铁功能材料在现代生产生活中有举足轻重的作用。本文采用溶胶-凝胶法以硝酸铁、硝酸铋、硝酸钆、硝酸钴为原料,乙二醇甲醚为溶剂,柠檬酸作螯合剂制成前驱体溶液,通过旋涂法在Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si及ITO衬底上合成Bi_0.85Gd_0.15Fe_1-xCo_xO₃ (x=0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12)薄膜,研究了Gd³⁺、Co³⁺共掺杂对薄膜铁电性能、磁学性能及光学带隙的影响。XRD结果表明所有薄膜均呈(111)方向的菱形结构,SEM结果表明共掺杂可以细化晶粒。根据铁电性和漏电流测试分析结果可知在Co³⁺掺杂量为8%时最大剩余极化值达到2P_r=15.71 μC/cm²,所有样品的漏电流传导机制均为欧姆传导机制。根据磁学性能测试分析结果可知,共掺杂可以有效增强薄膜的饱和磁化强度,且在Co³⁺掺杂量为8%时最大饱和磁化强度达到37.78 emu/cm³。根据吸收光谱及Tauc公式拟合结果可知共掺杂可以有效减小薄膜的光学带隙且随着掺杂量的增加光学带隙逐渐减小,在Co³⁺掺杂量为12%时光学带隙减小到1.96 eV。     

Self-healing Ionic Liquid-based Electronics and Beyond

Owing to the advantages of non-volatility, outstanding fluidity and easy recyclability, ionic liquid-based electronics, such as thermometer, strain sensors and thermoelectric converters, have been growing as attractive alternatives to traditionally solid electronics. The fluidic character endows the ionic liquid-based circuit with self-healing ability, satisfying the needs of longer lifetime and less waste generation for electronics, while at the same time brings the risk of leakage. Avoiding th...     

声发射衰减特性管道泄漏定位方法

声发射技术具有灵敏度高、实时性强、覆盖范围大等优点.泄漏产生的声发射波沿管壁传播会发生衰减,通过研究衰减系数与金属晶粒散射和热流损失的关系,建立准确的声发射能量衰减模型.在此基础上,针对声发射频带宽的特点对传统衰减定位模型进行改进,提出宽频带声发射源定位模型,该方法先通过实验确定泄漏信号频带,再将滤波后的信号经过小波包...