一种改进的轨道动力学模型

航天器的矢径可以分解为矢径模和单位矢量的乘积,利用该性质将传统轨道动力学方程分解为矢径模和矢径方向的动力学方程组,实现了航天器位置信息的分离;针对两个方程分别采用常数变易法和四元数描述方法,将轨道动力学模型转化为线性无奇异的方程组,同时得到了7 个新轨道变量,且建立了新轨道变量与惯性系下航天器位置速度信息以及轨道六要素之间的相互转换关系. 该轨道模型适用于任意形式的推力和摄动,避免了奇异性,且在虚拟时间的意义下,航天器的旋转角速度只取决于法向力;在常值推力和变推力的情况下,对该模型进行了数值验证,验证了新模型的可适用性、数值稳定性以及计算精度高的优势.      

柔性双尾鳍效率的测量和优化

建立了仿生拍动推进推力和效率的测量平台,通过电机的转动扭矩、转动角速度及推进力计算得到仿生推进系统的推进效率.对本课题组研制的组合仿生无人水下航行器中柔性双尾鳍模型进行了测量与分析,结果表明柔性尾鳍推进时小摆幅摆动运动效率要高于大摆幅运动;双尾鳍推进方式在小摆幅模式下无论在推进力还是在效率方面都要优于单尾鳍.最后根据模型实验数据,优化了双尾鳍推进的运动参数,并用于优化UUV性能.     

An improved constant volume cycle model for performance analysis and shape design of PDRE nozzle

An improved constant volume cycle(CVC) model is developed to analyze the nozzle effects on the thrust and specific impulse of pulse detonation rocket engine(PDRE).Theoretically, this model shows that the thrust coefficient/specific impulse of PDRE is a function of the nozzle contraction/expansion ratio and the operating frequency. The relationship between the nozzle contraction ratio and the operation frequency is obtained by introducing the duty ratio, by which the key problem in the theoretical design can be solved. Therefore, the performance of PDRE can be accessed to guide the preliminary shape design of nozzle conveniently and quickly. The higher the operating frequency of PDRE is, the smaller the nozzle contraction ratio should be. Besides, the lower the ambient pressure is, the larger the expansion ratio of the nozzle should be. When the ambient pressure is 1.013 × 105 Pa, the optimal expansion ratio will be less than 2.26.When the ambient pressure is reduced to vacuum, the extremum of the optimal thrust coefficient is 2.236 9, and the extremum of the specific impulse is 321.01 s. The results of the improved model are verified by numerical simulation.     

侧斜与负载对螺旋桨无空化和空化水动力性能的影响

为了定量分析空化初始航速的影响因素,首先分析侧斜和负载对螺旋桨无空化和有空化时性能的影响。以NSRDC4381无侧斜桨和4383100％侧斜桨为对象,采用改进Sauer空化模型和修正SST湍流模型,对空化崩溃性能、空化初生性能和无空化时正车、倒车以及紧急倒车敞水性能进行了计算与比较。结果表明,预报两个桨的敞水性能曲线和多空化数下的空化崩溃性能曲线均与实验值吻合较好。在中度负载区间（J=0．5-0．9）内,侧斜对正车和紧急倒车时敞水性能以及空化时推力和力矩崩溃性能均无明显影响,但会使倒车敞水性能显著下降。在重载和轻载条件下,侧斜均能明显改善空化初生性能。侧斜一定时,负载会直接影响尾流湍流速度脉动量和涡核集中区分布,影响轴面速度流管收缩程度,进而影响无空化和有空化条件下的推进性能。     

涡轮膨胀机止推轴承－转子系统的振动分析

为了确保涡轮膨胀机止推轴承在受到瞬时冲击时不致发生损坏事故，研究了止推轴承－转子系统的轴向瞬态过程，计算了止推轴承的线性油膜刚度系数和阻尼系数，并对线性和非线性两种情况下的轴向瞬态响应作了分析与比较，为止推轴承；转子系统的可靠性评估提供了科学依据。     

Investigation of the soil thrust interference effect for tracked unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) using model track tests

The traction force of a tracked unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) depends on the soil thrust generated by the shearing action on the soil-track interface. In the development of soil thrust, because the continuous-track system consists of a number of single-track systems connected to each other, interference occurs between the adjacent single-track systems through the surrounding soil. Thus, the total soil thrust of the continuous-track system is not equal to the sum of the soil thrust of each single-track system, and the interference effect needs to be carefully considered. In this study, model track tests were conducted on model single-, double-, and triple-track systems according to relative density of soil and shape ratio (i.e., the length of the track plate to grouser depth). The test results indicated that the interference effect reduced soil thrust due to the overlapping shear zones between adjoining single-track systems. The loss of soil thrust increased as the relative density of the soil increased and the shape ratio decreased. Based on these findings, a soil thrust multiplier that can be utilized to assess the soil thrust of a continuous-track system was developed.     

同极同槽双边平板型PMLSM的设计及推力优化研究

为降低直线电机的推力波动, 提出一种同极同槽双边平板型永磁直线同步电机(Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor, PMLSM), 且采用不同方法优化其结构参数. 为确定电磁设计方案, 根据同极同槽双边平板型PMLSM的结构特点和旋转电机的设计方法, 推导出适用该电机的电磁设计公式, 并建立二维有限元仿真模型进行分析和验证. 随后采用田口法筛选优化变量, 分别通过单参数扫描和基于克里金代理模型的粒子群算法进行优化. 结果表明, 在满足推力不低于600N的前提下, 推力波动大幅降低, 且永磁用量减少了13％.     

Altitude dependence of electrohydrodynamic flow in an electrostatic lifter

Experiments carried out during the last 50 years have elucidated the basic mechanism of the Biefeld-Brown effect. Recent research has focused on establishing design rules in order to maximize the lifting force resulting from this effect. For this purpose, a numerical estimation that takes the effect of altitude into account is needed. In the present contribution, the thrust due to Biefeld-Brown effect was computed by simulating the corona-discharge-induced electrohydrodynamic flow in a widely used high-voltage asymmetric capacitor with the major goal to elucidate the dependence of thrust on the altitude, pressure, temperature and humidity, respectively. Our numerical results reproduced the experimentally observed decrease of thrust with altitude and shown that this is a consequence of various competing effects.     

Study of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Chevron Nozzles on the Basis of a Numerical Calculation of the Flowfield

The flow in a convergent nozzle equipped with chevrons and the flow around the chevrons are numerically simulated and studied on the basis of the numerical integration of the system of Reynolds equations closed by a differential model for the turbulent viscosity. From the calculated results, the flow pattern, the action of the chevrons on the flow, the circulation generated, and the values of the parameters characterizing the streamwise vorticity are determined. The results of calculations of the thrust and flow-rate characteristics of nozzles equipped with chevrons are presented. The data for chevron and conical nozzles are compared.__________Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Academii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, 2005, pp. 76–88.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Brailko and Krasheninnikov.     

推力轴承对轴承－转子系统的耦合作用研究

研究了推力轴承对轴承－转子系统的耦合作用。在传递矩阵法的基础上，提出一种研究考虑推力轴承影响的轴承－转子系统的动力学的通用方法。研究中考虑了如下几个因素：（１）推力盘的静态倾斜；（２）转子的静变形；（３）径向轴承中负荷的重新分配；（４）偏载对径向轴承性能的影响；（５）推力轴承对系统稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，在某些情况下，推力轴承对径向轴承的动特性、转子的静挠度、系统稳定性等具有显著的影响