地球静止轨道远程交会过程导航性能评估

远程交会是静止轨道共位卫星自主定点置入的关键途径。针对远程交会过程中大距离跨度下相对运动模型的误差信号特性,理论推导了误差的传递机理,给出了相对导航EKF算法期望及噪声特性的定量分析模型。研究表明,确定距离区间存在最优过程噪声量级及其对应的最优滤波性能,且滤波误差与交会距离正相关,可作为全局最优滤波器的定量设计依据,解决了静止轨道远程交会过程EKF导航算法性能的量化评估问题。仿真表明,分析结论正确,相对速度滤波误差全程优于0.005 m/s(1σ),满足交会任务需求。     

基于北斗差分定位的炮载惯导外场标定

针对炮载惯导设备在外场标定过程中依赖固定基准点的问题,提出了一种基于卫星差分定位的误差标定新方法。该方法将北斗天线的安装误差、惯性器件的失准角以及安装误差等角度误差统一归为非对准误差。首先利用北斗测姿技术提供姿态基准,粗标出上述误差;精标阶段采用卫星差分技术来提供高精度位置信息,完成误差角的精确标定。多组标定结果与传统工厂标定方法结果相差均在0.3mil以内,达到了较高的精度。该方法不仅回避了对固定基准点的依赖,而且避免了滤波带来的繁琐过程,即能保证长时导航的精度,又提高了标定的实时性。     

基于横向地球坐标的惯性导航方法

针对极区经线迅速收敛于极点造成的传统惯导机械编排在极区不适用问题,提出了CGCS2000地球椭球体模型下基于横向地球坐标的惯性导航方法。在构建横向坐标系及伪经纬网的基础上,给出了横向惯导与传统惯导间导航参数的转换关系,推导了横向地理坐标系机械编排,建立了系统误差模型,并以某型船舶为例,通过系统性能的静基座、动基座仿真分析,研究了基于横向地球坐标的惯性导航方法在极区的适用性。仿真分析表明,基于横向地球坐标的惯性导航方法可以克服传统惯导在极区存在的问题,在极点处不存在计算溢出,并可为载体穿越极点时提供高精度的姿态、位置信息,适用于极区。     

北斗双频组合动对动高精度相对定位新算法

针对动对动相对定位基线矢量实时变化导致整周模糊度浮点解在动态情况下难以快速精确求解的问题,提出了一种北斗双频动对动相对定位算法:对组合双差方程基线向量的系数矩阵进行奇异值分解,并变换组合双差方程以消除基线参量,将变参数估计问题转化为定参数估计问题,然后采用递推最小二乘算法实时推算组合模糊度的浮点解及其协方差矩阵,在此基础上,采用最小二乘模糊度降相关平差法(LAMBDA)搜索和固定组合模糊度。试验结果表明,该方法能够快速准确固定组合模糊度,与单频解算相比,初始化时间用时更短,基线误差在5 cm以内,能较好地适用于动对动相对定位。     

基于重力场特征参数信息熵的适配区选择方法

针对当前重力统计特征参数类别繁多,选择标准复杂而导致错选有效匹配区域的问题,利用信息熵具有能够整合多种统计参数且算法计算量小的特点,提出了一种基于特征参数信息熵的重力辅助导航适配区的选择方法。首先,在DTU10模型下将该方法与传统单一特征参数的方法进行比较,确定了传统方法的确会错误选择可匹配区,从而也反映了所提出方法的优越性;其次,在该方法划分出的匹配区和非匹配区中分别设计了8条仿真航线,匹配区中仿真航线的匹配效果明显优于非匹配区中的匹配效果。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

激光陀螺惯组系统级标定方法

针对激光陀螺惯性测量组件在传统的分立式标定中受橡胶减震器影响的问题,从系统的角度对激光陀螺惯性测量组件的标度因数误差、安装误差传播规律进行分析。通过分别绕三只陀螺敏感轴转动激发激光陀螺的标度因数误差、安装误差,通过三只加速度计敏感轴分别指天激发加速度计的标度因数误差、安装误差和零位,从而完成激光陀螺惯性测量组件的系统级标定。在未进行温控及温补的情况下,陀螺仪标度因数误差重复性在3.5×10~(-6)以内,安装误差重复性在3″以内,加速度计标度因数误差和零位在其性能指标内,安装误差在4.5″以内。试验结果表明,该方法满足高精度、长期稳定性好的惯导系统工程应用要求。     

Solution for the oscillation of a newtonian fluid in a co-axial viscometer

When one cup of a co-axial viscometer oscillates,the measured moment on theother(stationary)cup shows a phase lag,partly due to the inertial effect of the fluidwithin the gap between the cups.In this paper such an effect is illustrated by a newexact solution of the Navier-Stokes equation,which is derived herein by a scheme ofreducing it to a two-point boundary value problem for ODEs,Our numerical resultsindicate that,as the Womersley number a or the dimensionless gap widthδincreases,the fluid velocity profile within the gap gradually deviates from the linear one andtransits to that of the boundary layer type,with the result that the moment decreasesin the magnitude and lags behind in the phase.With the advantage of high accuracyand excellent stability,the scheme proposed herein can readily be extended to solveother linear periodic problems.     

Transient flow towards a well in an aquifer including the effect of fluid inertia

Transient propagation of weak pressure perturbations in a homogeneous, isotropic, fluid saturated aquifer has been studied. A damped wave equation for the pressure in the aquifer is derived using the macroscopic, volume averaged, mass conservation and momentum equations. The equation is applied to the case of a well in a closed aquifer and analytical solutions are obtained to two different flow cases. It is shown that the radius of influence propagates with a finite velocity. The results show that the effect of fluid inertia could be of importance where transient flow in porous media is studied.List of symbols b Thickness of the aquifer, m - c ₀ Wave velocity, m/s - k Permeability of the porous medium, m² - n Porosity of the porous medium - p( ,t) Pressure, N/m² - Q Volume flux, m³/s - r Radial coordinate, m - r _w Radius of the well, m - s Transform variable - S Storativity of the aquifer - S _d(r, t) Drawdown, m - t Time, s - T Transmissivity of the aquifer, m²/s - ( ,t) Velocity of the fluid, m/s - Coordinate vector, m - z Vertical coordinate, m - Coefficient of compressibility, m²/N - Coefficient of fluid compressibility, m²/N - Relaxation time, s - (r, t) Hydraulic potential, m - Dynamic viscosity of the fluid, Ns/m² - Dimensionless radius - Density of the fluid, Ns²/m⁴ - (, ) Dimensionless drawdown - Dimensionless time - , x Dummy variables - ₀, ₁ Auxilary functions     

Approximate inertial manifolds for reaction-diffusion equations in high space dimension

The concept of approximate inertial manifolds was introduced by Foiaset al. (1987) in the case of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. These manifolds are finite dimensional smooth manifolds such that the orbits enter a very thin neighborhood of the manifold after a transient time; this concept replaces the one of inertial manifold when either an inertial manifold does not exist or its existence is not known. Our aim in this paper is to prove that approximate inertial manifolds exist for reaction-diffusion equations in high space dimension by opposition with exact inertial manifolds whose existence has only been proved in low dimension and for which nonexistence results have been obtained in space dimensionn=4.     

混合式光纤陀螺惯导系统在线自主标定

混合式光纤陀螺惯导系统IMU的安装误差、光纤陀螺的漂移及标度因数等参数会随着时间发生变化,对系统误差产生影响,使系统在使用一段时间之后精度发生变化,因而需要重新标定。在混合式系统中,通过台体旋转调制,惯性元件常值漂移误差对系统的影响得到抑制,但安装误差和标度因数误差对系统的影响无法得到完全调制,这些误差会与地速及旋转角速率耦合,引起锯齿形速度误差,降低了系统的各项性能。针对混合式惯导系统,建立了IMU误差模型,设计出一种在线自主标定方法,并进行了可观性分析。该方法采用"速度+位置"匹配,对惯导系统30项相关误差项进行在线标定。系统实验结果表明,系统级在线标定参数较分立式标定参数在导航定位精度上提高了半个数量级。