Polarisation effect of laser field in inelastic electron - hydrogen collisions

We study the influence of the laser polarization on the electron impact excitation of atomic hydrogen. Our method takes into account the “dressing” of the target states by including the laser-atom interaction to first order time-dependent perturbation theory, while the interaction of the laser field with the incident electron is treated to all orders by using the non relativist Volkov function. The interaction of the fast projectile with the target atom is treated in the first Born approximation. The calculations are performed via two distinct computations. The first one is based on a direct calculation, the second based on a Sturmian approach. Important differences appear between the angular distributions depending on the polarization chosen. Received : 17 february 1998 / Revised : 20 july 1998 / Accepted : 2 september 1998     

Separation of elastic waves in split Hopkinson bars using one-point strain measurements

A method for the analysis of elastic waves in split Hopkinson bars for unlimited time durations is presented. This method allows the separation of component waves traveling in opposite directions in each bar using the strain history measured at one point on the bar and a known end condition for it. The method extends the time period for which valid experimental data can be extracted for a split Hopkinson bar apparatus and eliminates the need for a second independent measurement of the stress waves required in other methods for such extended analyses. Comparisons with the two-point method, which requires two independent strain measurements, show good agreement between the two methods. The accuracy and feasibility of the method are demonstrated through its application to impact experiments on composite laminates. The use of the current method in determining the response of a fiber-reinforced composite laminate under impact loading is described.     

冲击接触问题增广 Lagrangian 双共轭梯度法

为避免动力接触问题罚函数法由于满足表面接触条件所带来的数值解的振荡,及常规Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉｎａ乘子法与显式积分算法不相容的缺陷,本文发展了一个既与显式积分算法相容,又可自然地用于隐式自法的增广Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ双共轭梯度算法。增广Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ双共轭梯度算法既可精确地满足接触约束条件,又可避免数值解的振荡;在改善数值迭代的收敛性的同时又提高了计算效率。     

Parametric Excitation of Nonlinear Elastic Systems Involving Hydrodynamic Sloshing Impact

The parametric excitation of an elevated water tower experiencing sloshing hydro-dynamic impact is studied using the multiple scales method. The liquid sloshing mass is replaced by a mechanical model in the form of a simple pendulum experiencing impacts with the tank walls. The impact loads are modeled based on a phenomenological representation in the form of a power function with a higher exponent. In this case the system equations of motion include impact nonlinearities (selected to be of fifth power) and cubic structural geometric nonlinearities. When the first mode is parametrically excited the system exhibits hard nonlinear behavior and the impact loading reduced the response amplitude. On the other hand, when the second mode is parametrically excited, the impact loading results in complex response behavior characterized by multiple steady state solutions, where the response switches from soft to hard nonlinear characteristics. Under combined parametric resonance, the system possesses a single steady-state response in the absence and in the presence of impact. However, the system behaves like a soft system in the absence of impact and like a hard system in the presence of impact.     

缠绕提升钢丝绳绕入冲击摩擦特性研究

为掌握多层缠绕提升钢丝绳层与层之间滑动摩擦磨损特性,在自制缠绕式矿井提升机钢丝绳层间摩擦试验台上,以6×19热镀锌钢丝绳为研究对象,对不同载荷、滑移速度、冲击速度下钢丝绳滑动摩擦磨损规律及接触区域温升变化规律进行试验探究.研究结果表明:摩擦系数变化分为快速增长阶段、过渡阶段、稳定阶段;摩擦系数随载荷增加小幅减小,随滑移速度增大总体呈降低趋势;缠绕钢丝绳滑动摩擦温升集中于接触区域,最大温升受滑移速度影响明显,随速度增加而增大;冲击摩擦系数明显低于稳定滑动摩擦系数,最大冲击摩擦系数随冲击速度、滑移速度增大而增大,随着冲击载荷增大出现多次冲击摩擦.     

Impact sensitivity and activation energy of pyrolysis for tetrazole compounds

Calculations with both DFT‐B3LYP and semiempirical quantum chemical PM3 methods are carried out on a series of tetrazole derivatives and their metal salts to investigate the relationship between the relative order of impact sensitivity and activation energy of thermal decomposition. The results show that the relative order of sensitivity for the titled compounds can be predicted by examining the activation energy for breaking down of tetrazole ring. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 79: 350–357, 2000     

Microstructural investigation of high‐speed melt‐spun nylon 6 fibers produced with variable spinning speeds

The structural details of high‐speed melt‐spun nylon 6 fibers at spinning speeds ranging from 4500 to 6100 m/min were investigated by solid‐state proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy, density and birefringence measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The analyses of the proton spin‐lattice relaxation times in the rotating frame and correlation times confirmed the existence of three different phases, the immobile crystalline, intermediate rigid amorphous, and mobile amorphous regions, in the fiber sample. At spinning speeds lower than 5200 m/min, the portion of the crystalline phase increased at the expense of the rigid amorphous region and then reached a plateau afterward, from which the mobile amorphous portion increased. Combined analyses of density and birefringence measurements, DSC, and XRD in conjunction with NMR results indicated that the formation of the γ crystal became predominant compared to that of the α crystal. The orientation factor of the crystalline phase increased slightly with increasing spinning speed, whereas the amorphous orientation factor decreased because of the increase of the purely amorphous region. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 1285–1293, 2000     

超宽禁带半导体氧化镓基X射线探测器的研究进展

X射线具有波长短、穿透能力强等优点,在医学成像、安全检查、科学研究、空间通信等领域具有重要作用。半导体X射线探测器可以将X射线转换为电流信号,具有易集成、空间分辨率高、能量分辨率高、响应速度快等优点。高性能的X射线探测器应具备暗电流低、灵敏度高、响应速度快、可长时间稳定工作等特点,因此制备X射线探测器的半导体材料应具有电阻率高、缺陷少、抗辐照能力强、禁带宽度宽等性质。氧化镓(Ga₂O₃)是一种新型宽禁带半导体材料,具有超宽禁带宽度、高击穿场强、高X射线吸收系数、耐高温、可采用熔体法生长大尺寸单晶等优点,是一种适合制备X射线探测器的新型材料,近年来基于Ga₂O₃的X射探测器成为辐射探测领域的研究热点之一。本文主要介绍了Ga₂O₃半导体的物理性质及其在X射线探测器方面的研究进展,分析了影响X射线探测器性能的物理机制,为提高Ga₂O₃基X射探测器的性能提供了思路。     

高温超导高速磁浮交通系统悬浮导向与牵引方案研究

本文提出了一种全高温超导高速磁悬浮交通技术模式, 该技术模式采用高温超导钉扎悬浮导向和高温超导直线电机牵引, 具有高速运行、 静态悬浮和动态自稳定悬浮导向三大特征. 根据5 编组时速500 公里磁悬浮列车的运行要求和工况, 本文对高温超导钉扎悬浮导向系统和高温超导直线牵引系统进行了方案设计, 并通过有限元仿真对所提方案进行了可行性分析和验证. 结果证明了全高温超导磁悬浮系统的高速运行、 静态悬浮和动态自稳定悬浮导向技术优势和设计方案的可行性.