Ranking Oxidant Sensitiveness: A Guide for Synthetic Utility

Common oxidants used in chemical synthesis, including newly developed perruthenates, were evaluated in the context of understanding (and better appreciating) the sensitiveness and associated potential hazards of these reagents. Analysis using sealed cell differential scanning calorimetry (scDSC) facilitated Yoshida correlations, which were compared to impact sensitiveness and electrostatic discharge experiments (ESD), that enabled sensitiveness ranking. Methyltriphenylphoshonium perruthenate (MTP3, 8 ), isoamyltriphenylphosphonium perruthenate (ATP3, 7 ) and tetraphenylphosphonium perruthenate (TP3, 9 ) were found to be the most sensitive followed by 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX, 2 ) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO, 10 ), whereas the most benign were observed to be Oxone ( 12 ), manganese dioxide (MnO₂, 13 ), and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS, 17 ).     

Rotational excitation of H2 and N2 molecules by electron impact

The rotational excitation of the H₂ and N₂ molecules from (J→J+2,J=0) and (J→J+2,J=1) states by electron impact is studied, in the framework of the regional-plane-wave approximation. The empirical cut-off parameterρ, involved in these calculations, is varied to give the best fit to the experimental data of Srivastava and co-workers.     

相变引起金属靶板异常层裂的应力波分析

 采用唐志平等提出的一种简单混合相相变本构模型,运用特征线分析方法,通过对靶板中弹塑性波和宏观相边界传播情况的分析,对一些异常层裂现象产生的机理给出了理论解释。分析表明,（逆）相变过程的发生会强烈地改变靶板中的冲击波波形,形成所谓的三波结构和稀疏冲击波,板中某些位置还可能出现驻定相边界,各波系间的相互作用更加复杂,从而可能导致一些特殊层裂现象的发生。     

Shallow surface etching of organic and inorganic compounds by electrospray droplet impact

The electrospray droplet impact (EDI) was applied to bradykinin, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), SiO₂/Si, and indium phosphide (InP). It was found that bradykinin deposited on the stainless steel substrate was ionized/desorbed without the accumulation of radiation products. The film thickness desorbed by a single collisional event was found to be less than 10 monolayers. In the EDI mass spectra for PET, several fragment ions were observed but the XPS spectra did not change with prolonged cluster irradiation. The etching rate for SiO₂ by EDI was measured to be ∼0.2 nm/min. The surface roughness of InP etched by EDI was found to be one order of magnitude smaller than that etched by 3 keV Ar⁺ for about the same etching depths. EDI is capable of shallow surface etching with little damage left on the etched surface.     

超高速碰撞闪光强度与碰撞角度关系

为了测量超高速碰撞过程中产生的闪光现象,进而研究相近碰撞速度、不同入射角度(弹道与靶板平面的夹角)条件下超高速碰撞产生闪光在整个物理过程的闪光强度随时间的变化规律,设计了适用于瞬态闪光测量的光学高温计测量系统。通过二级轻气炮加载LY12球形铝弹丸,运用设计的瞬态高温计测量系统分别进行了入射角度为30°,45°,60°和90°相近碰撞速度条件下碰撞LY12铝靶产生闪光现象的测量。获得了平均碰撞闪光强度峰值与碰撞角度的关系,平均碰撞闪光强度峰值随碰撞角度的减小而增大,碰撞角度为30°时表现更为明显。     

中智自由贸易协定全面实施对双方经济影响研究:基于GTAP模型仿真

基于GTAP模型,结合Walmsley等递归动态法,就《中智自由贸易协定》全面实施对双方在贸易规模、贸易结构、双边贸易、GDP、生产格局和福利水平等方面产生的经济效应进行仿真.研究结果显示,双方贸易规模及产出水平明显扩大;国内资源分配格局有所改变,贸易结构处于较快的变动中;两国GDP有所增长,双边贸易显著增强,社会福利明显改善;中国贸易条件相对恶化,农产品所受负面冲击有限,高级化服务业发展迅速;智利制造业受益匪浅,产业结构趋于相对平衡;双方利益让渡不一致,福利所得分配不等,智利所受的经济影响要明显大于中国,而中国的动态比较利益会使其福利所得明显高于智利.     

液滴低速撞击润湿球面现象观测分析

采用高速摄像仪以10000 帧/s的拍摄速度对液滴低速撞击润湿球体表面过程进行了实验观测, 分析了液滴撞击后的反弹、局部反弹和铺展等现象, 考察了黏度对撞击过程的影响; 在此基础上, 定量讨论了液滴铺展特征参数随撞击速度、球体直径和黏度的变化规律. 观测发现: 黏度较大且撞击速度较低时, 撞击后可能出现反弹和局部反弹, 黏度较小时则不发生; 铺展面积随撞击速度的增大而增大; 黏度增大时, 铺展因子减小; 在球体直径为4–20 mm范围内, 随着球体直径的增加, 铺展因子呈上升趋势. 关键词： 液滴撞击 润湿球面 铺展 黏度     

冲击载荷下分支交错层状仿生复合材料动态断裂行为的实验研究和数值模拟

通过三点弯动态冲击实验和数值模拟方法,研究了分支交错层状仿生复合材料的动态断裂韧性。首先设计并制备了分支交错层状仿贝壳复合材料试样,即将一种脆性刚性材料和一种橡胶类材料分别作为复合材料的硬质层和软胶层;随后采用改进的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置进行了三点弯冲击实验;接着讨论了初始冲击速度、硬质材料长宽比、软质材料层厚度对复合材料试样动态断裂行为的影响;最后采用ABAQUS有限元数值模拟,研究了不同宽度和不同冲击方向对复合材料试样动态断裂韧性和裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明:随着冲击速度和硬质材料长宽比增加、软胶层厚度减小,裂纹越倾向于沿直线扩展,反之,裂纹越倾向于绕过硬质材料沿着软胶层呈折线扩展;试样的峰值动载荷和起裂时间也随之增大。有限元模拟结果表明:随着结构总宽度的增大,试样断裂韧性增加,裂纹倾向于绕过硬质材料沿着软胶层扩展;采用实验设计的冲击方向时,试样的断裂韧性高于其他方向。     

(e,2e)反应三重微分截面的计算

给出了利用BBK模型计算电子碰撞电离H,He⁺,He和Li⁺三重微分截面的通用方法,适用于中、高入射能量下的各种几何条件。计算结果与其它理论结果和实验数据进行了比较,符合得很好。     

Impact Responses of Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Based on the Membrane Factor Method北大核心CSCD

Aimed at the internal short circuit problem due to large deformation of the prismatic lithium-ion battery cell under impact loadings, a simplified battery model was first established. Then the motion equations of velocity and displacement based on the membrane factor method were proposed. With the effects of the face-sheet thickness and the densification region on the normalized final deflection, impact response characteristics of prismatic battery cells were investigated in detail. The results show that, the improved motion equations involving the membrane factor can reflect the dynamic response mechanisms of the prismatic battery cell under impact loadings, and the large deflection under high-speed impact can be predicted. With the increase of the face-sheet thickness, the deflection of the battery cell’s lower part decreases obviously. However, the densification region expands with the face-sheet thickness. The deflection and the densification region of the cell’s lower part both increase with the inner core density of the battery. This proposed impact model provides a theoretical guidance for the multi-functional integrated dynamic design of prismatic battery cells. © 2022 Editorial Office of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.