水力机械内鲤鱼草鱼的压力损伤模拟试验

通过试验人工模拟水力机械内压力变化过程,测量压力时间变化,观察并解剖分析不同压力变化过程对鲤鱼和草鱼造成损伤的情况。试验发现,负压状态下的压力变化过程会对鱼的生存构成直接威胁,并得到了新型环保水力机械设计中应采用的压力时变导数极限值。     

低渗透油藏爆炸压裂产能分析及压裂改造区域优化设计

基于爆炸压裂裂缝分布规律,提出爆炸压裂缝网双重介质复合流动产能模型,应用Laplace变换Stehfest数值反演,得到了定压条件下封闭外边界低渗透油藏爆炸压裂生产井产能表达式。在模型正确性验证的基础上结合某低渗透油藏储层特征参数研究了爆炸压裂改造区域参数对封闭边界油藏产量的影响,同时对爆炸压裂改造改造体积优化设计进行了研究。研究结果表明,爆炸压裂改造区域半径主要影响生产中期产能,改造区域渗透率对生产早期和中期影响比较大,且对于实例油藏爆炸压裂改造比为0.1时效果最好。     

基于观测器的液压系统健康状态评估方法研究

为了实时评估液压系统的健康状态,提出了基于观测器的健康状态评估原理,利用解析模型、仿真模型和数据模型及其配合等方法进行液压系统标准模型的建立,联合实际液压系统的监测数据,构建液压系统的状态观测器。将实际系统的相关参数作为输入,实际监测点的输出与标准模型的输出进行特征分析与对比,在数据处理的基础上形成残差及其向量,运用数据分析方法计算系统健康度,并解析各元素及其耦合所映射的故障类型与故障程度,实现液压系统的故障定位与评估。最后,利用某型装备的起竖液压系统进行了应用举例,介绍了模型构建、故障模式与参数选择、残差构成及健康度计算的方法。所研究的状态评估方法对实时评估液压系统,及开展液压系统视情维修具有参考价值。     

Modeling rock failure using the numerical manifold method followed by the discontinuous deformation analysis

A complete rock failure process usually involvesopening/sliding of preexisting discontinuities as well as fracturing in intact rock bridges to form persistent failure surfaces and subsequent motions of the generated rock blocksThe recently developed numerical manifold method(NMM)has potential for modelling such a complete failure processHowever,the NMM suffers one limitation,i.e.,unexpectedmaterial domain area change occurs in rotation modellingThis problem can not be easily solved because the rigidbody rotation is not represented explicitly in the NMM.Thediscontinuous deformation analysis(DDA) is specially developed for modelling discrete block systems.The rotationinduced material area change in the DDA modelling canbe avoided conveniently because the rigid body rotation isrepresented in an explicit form.In this paper,a transitiontechnique is proposed and implemented to convert a NMMmodelling to a DDA modelling so as to simulate a completerock failure process entirely by means of the two methods,in which the NMM is adopted to model the early fracturingas well as the transition from continua to discontinua,whilethe DDA is adopted to model the subsequent motion of thegenerated rock blocks.Such a numerical approach also improves the simulation efficiency greatly as compared with acomplete NMM modelling approach.The fracturing of arock slab with pre-existing non-persistent joints located ona slope crest and the induced rockfall process are simulated.The validity of the modelling transition from the NMM tothe DDA is verified and the applicability of the proposed numerical approach is investigated.     

砂粒与复杂流体压裂液在裂缝中的流动特性研究

在矩形裂缝通道中,应用高速摄像技术,研究了复杂流体压裂液水平流动过程中砂粒的沉降速度,测试了复杂流体的流变学特性,分析了复杂流体的水平流动如何影响砂粒的沉降.研究结果表明,流性指数不等于1的复杂流体,其水平流速影响砂粒的沉降规律,砂粒在裂缝中水平流动过程的沉降速度不仅随复杂流体表观粘度的减小而增大,同时随复杂流体水平流速的增大而增大,是静止沉降速度的数倍至十数倍.     

Analysis of flow in the plate‐spiral of a reaction turbine using a streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin method

The prediction of the flow field in a novel spiral casing has been accomplished. Hydraulic turbine manufacturers are considering the potential of using a special type of spiral casing because of the easier manufacturing process involved in its fabrication. These special spiral casings are known as plate‐spirals. Numerical simulation of complex three‐dimensional flow through such spiral casings has been accomplished using a finite element method (FEM). An explicit Eulerian velocity correction scheme has been deployed to solve the Reynolds‐average Navier–Stokes equations. The simulation has been performed to describe the flow in high Reynolds number (10⁶) regimes. For spatial discretization, a streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) technique has been used. The velocity field and the pressure distribution inside the spiral casing reveal meaningful results. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RESEARCH OF STEPPING PRESSURE AND CONTROL OF NEAR FIELD ROOF OF TASHAN COAL MINE BASED ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION1)

煤层坚硬顶板采用水力压裂技术进行定向弱化可有效控制来压步距,降低事故风险。基于黏聚力模型,利用有限元二次开发建立了压裂前后煤层开采数值计算模型,模拟分析了顶板垮落规律及影响因素,优化裂缝间距设计。结果表明：来压跨距与顶板厚度、强度呈正相关性,与埋深呈负相关性。预制裂缝在拉应力集中区可促进起裂扩展,应全面勘测各岩层位地质参数,利用计算出的应力集中区位置设计裂缝间距,实现经济有效地控制来压步距。     

含气多孔介质卸压层裂的间隔特征——突出的前兆

含气多孔介质在卸压下的拉伸破坏有两种模式－层裂和突出，达到或超过临界破坏条件，引发骨架层裂破坏，达到或超过更强一些的临界突出条件，则引发突出，从采煤实践中逐次掘进的长过程看，层裂是已达破坏条件而未到突出条件的情况，进一步发展可能引发突出。实验表明层裂显微镜规律的间隔特征，因而与层裂相关的瓦斯浓度变化和地音信息可以认作是突出的前兆，如果在内部形成破坏区，渗流场与应力场的耦合有可以导致延时突出，石门自     

水力压裂中裂纹扩展的数值模拟

水力压裂是在高压粘滞流体或清水作用下地层内裂缝起裂与扩展的过程。由于包含岩石断裂和流-固耦合等复杂问题,对该过程的数值模拟具有相当大的挑战性。本文建立基于有限元与离散元混合方法的裂纹模型,模拟岩石裂纹扩展,实现了连续向非连续的转化;建立双重介质流动模型,裂隙流作为孔隙渗流的压力边界,孔隙渗流反作用裂隙的压力求解,处理了流体在基岩与人工裂缝中的协调流动;将裂纹模型与流体流动模式进行结合,建立断裂-应力-渗流耦合形式的力学模型,进一步分析了水力压裂的基本过程,综合多种数值计算方法,编写程序,在验证岩体裂纹模型与双重介质流动模型有效性的基础上,对压裂过程进行复现,将模拟结果与文献结果进行了对比,并讨论了所构建模型的优缺点。     

页岩气储层压裂数值模拟技术研究进展

页岩气储层水力压裂数值模拟既要考虑页岩储层岩石的特性,又要兼顾水平井分段压裂施工工艺,是一个非常棘手的力学难题.本文简述了页岩气储层岩石具有的地质力学特征和页岩气储层开发常用的水平井分段压裂技术;详述了扩展有限元、边界元、离散元在水力压裂裂缝模拟上的应用现状,指出了它们在处理裂缝问题的局限性和优越性,总结出边界元三维位移不连续法是模拟多裂缝扩展的有效方法.