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对ITER包层屏蔽块进行了热工水力学设计及分析,并给出了两套合理的加热方案.分析结果表明,可以通过分阶段改变入口气体温度的方法实现在高效加热屏蔽块的同时满足工程及部件热应力的技术要求,并通过热应力计算验证了加热过程不会对屏蔽块产生不可预期的结构破坏.     

航空铆钉动态加载失效实验

为研究航空铆钉连接元件在动态加载下的失效模式,依托高速液压伺服材料试验机,通过特殊设计的实验夹具,进行了6类航空铆钉在不同加载速度和不同加载模式下的动态失效实验,获得了铆钉元件在纯拉伸加载、纯剪切加载、30°拉-剪耦合加载和60°拉-剪耦合加载状态下的失效实验数据。实验结果表明,铆钉元件的失效模式和失效载荷与加载速度、载荷的作用形式密切相关,并基于实验结果拟合得到铆钉元件的失效本构参数,获得了可表征铆钉在一般情形下失效的本构方程。     

燃爆压裂中压挡液柱运动规律的动力学模型

针对燃爆压裂过程中压挡液柱受冲击运动机理的复杂性,假设火药燃气与压挡液柱存在完全气液 接触界面,采用拉格朗日的微元分析方法,建立了由连续性方程、动量守恒方程、能量守恒方程组成的压挡液 柱运动规律动力学模型,并给出了该模型与火药燃爆模型的耦合数值解法。经程序编制和实例计算表明,在 综合考虑火药燃气对液柱的宏观推动作用、冲击压缩作用、液柱自身的动能分布及管壁对其摩擦阻力的影响 后,火药燃烧过程中气液界面上升高度有限(实例计算不足0.1m),可起到很好的持压作用;但全过程中最高 液柱位移较大(18.9m),水力振荡增效作用明显。研究成果对提高燃爆压裂的数值模拟精度具有一定促进 作用。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定水-乙二醇型难燃液压液中Ca、Mg、Zn元素含量

通过基体匹配法消除光谱干扰,采取降低雾化气流量、提高冷却器流量和降低蠕动泵泵速以减少进样量的措施直接进样,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定水-乙二醇型难燃液压液中Ca、Mg、Zn添加剂元素含量的分析方法。实验结果表明:所测各元素的相对标准偏差均小于5%,线性相关系数大于0.999,加标回收率在97%～105%,方法的检出限均小于0.15mg/L。方法无需对样品进行预处理,直接进样检测,具有分析速度快、操作简单、测定结果可靠等特点,可以实现水-乙二醇型难燃液压液中Ca、Mg、Zn元素的含量分析。     

基于灰色关联法的水平井压裂参数优化研究

针对低渗透薄互砂岩油藏A油田C9区块水平井井区储层物性差、非均质性强、开发难度大等问题,为改善水平井井区开发效果、提高水平井单井产能,应用灰色关联法,结合数值模拟软件,分析影响压裂水平井产能的主要因素,开展水平井压裂参数优化研究,结果表明裂缝半长和裂缝间距是影响压裂水平井产能的主要因素,优选出水平井压裂方案:裂缝半长为...     

移动式喷灌系统优化设计的数学模型

基于MCM2006A题,建立了均匀喷洒的喷灌系统优化管理模型.首先通过水力学计算,得到喷头射程、间距、数量和布局.然后将喷灌规则的确定转化为用单一小矩形条覆盖矩形区域的二维覆盖问题,针对一般情况设计了算法,得到管道移动方案.对所给喷灌区域,计算结果表明了模型的可行性.     

Thermo‐hydrodynamic‐mechanical multiphase flow model for CO2 sequestration in fracturing porous media

In this paper, we introduce a fully coupled thermo‐hydrodynamic‐mechanical computational model for multiphase flow in a deformable porous solid, exhibiting crack propagation due to fluid dynamics, with focus on CO₂ geosequestration. The geometry is described by a matrix domain, a fracture domain, and a matrix‐fracture domain. The fluid flow in the matrix domain is governed by Darcy's law and that in the crack is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. At the matrix‐fracture domain, the fluid flow is governed by a leakage term derived from Darcy's law. Upon crack propagation, the conservation of mass and energy of the crack fluid is constrained by the isentropic process. We utilize the representative elementary volume‐averaging theory to formulate the mathematical model of the porous matrix, and the drift flux model to formulate the fluid dynamics in the fracture. The numerical solution is conducted using a mixed finite element discretization scheme. The standard Galerkin finite element method is utilized to discretize the diffusive dominant field equations, and the extended finite element method is utilized to discretize the crack propagation, and the fluid leakage at the boundaries between layers of different physical properties. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the computational capability of the model. It shows that the model, despite the relatively large number of degrees of freedom of different physical nature per node, is computationally efficient, and geometry and effectively mesh independent. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

垂向一维均质土壤水分运动在蒸发条件下的运用

本文以新疆乌拉泊尔均衡场，新疆化肥厂试验站及昌吉地下水综合试验场资料求得的非饱和土壤水分特征曲线、水力传导度和土壤扩散率为依据，建立了适合乌鲁本齐地区非饱和土壤水分运动在蒸发条件下运用的数学模型．并用实测资料进行了验证．数值模拟结果与常观实测值有着良好的一致性，可应用于今后试验场在蒸发条件下土壤水动态的预报．     

岸边集装箱起重机多功能液压系统控制软件的改进

针对岸边集装箱起重机原多功能液压系统的控制软件在满足装卸生产要求上存在的问题，根据实际装卸要求，在分析原多功能液压系统工作原理的基础上，重新确定了控制系统的技术要求，编制了相应的控制程序，经改进，系统队使用时，对位置不准的集装箱平均吊运时间由８．６ｍｉｎ减少到３．０ｍｉｎ，提高平均装卸效率３０％。     

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON MECHANISM OF PLANT ROOTS TO INCREASE SOIL ANTISCOURIBILITY ON THE LOESS PLATEAU

The effects of the root system of trees, shrubs and grasses on the hydraulic andphysical properties of soil and their interrelation with increasing soil anti--scouribility byroots are quantitatively demonstrated in this paper for the first time. Based on the analysisof the leading factors of roots to increase the soil anti--scouribility, a mathematical modelon increasing soil anti-scouribility by roots is established. The value in application of themodel is to explain the mechanism of roots to increase the soil anti-scouribility and toevaluate the increasing effects of soil anti-scouribility by roots in different layers of soilThe calculated results of the values in soil anti--scouribility intensified by roots at variousintensities of rainfall and slopes of the model have higher precision, all of the meanmaximum deviations between the estimated and observed values being less than 1.417 s/g.