微型燃料电池制备及其微通道摩擦性能的研究

阐述了微型燃料电池的制备过程,结合传统燃料电池数学理论和微流体力学,建立了微型质子交换膜燃料电池(μPEMFC)的数学模型,分析了微通道特性(如摩擦系数和水力直径等)对微型燃料电池性能的影响.结果表明:运用Fluent软件对模型进行计算的仿真结果与公开实验数据基本符合,验证了模型正确性;而传统模型的仿真结果小于真实值;当气道的水力直径Dh从348降至100时,电池性能有所上升;而当Dh值降至61.1时,其性能有所下降.     

转向剂形成人工应力遮挡的实验研究及有限元分析

针对水力压裂过程中采用的人工应力遮挡控制缝高技术,通过室内物理模拟实验,在转向剂浓度一定的条件下考虑携带液与地层压差、渗流量、时间等因素,采用电测法对人工岩芯表面应变进行了测试;利用非线性有限元方法对裂缝尖端应力进行计算,研究了转向剂形成人工应力遮挡的作用效果。结果表明采用转向剂可以建立3~4MPa的人工应力遮档,对采用转向剂的压裂设计和施工参数提出了建议。     

密度锁反向启动特性实验研究

实验研究了密度锁反向启动特性,结果表明：启动流量是影响密度锁反向启动过程的关键因素,启动流量偏离平衡流量较小时,余热排出回路反向流量较小,依靠系统本身具有的自稳定性,将很快建立密度锁内水力平衡关系;而启动流量偏离平衡流量较大时,由于余热排出回路流量较大,较多冷却水进入主回路,导致加热水箱入口温度降低,入口温度的降低对密...     

Hydrophobic guar gum derivatives prepared by controlled grafting processes

Introduction of polyalkoxyalkyleneamide grafts to guar gum produces a new water soluble guar derivative. Modification of either guar gum or hydroxyopropyl guar is achieved in a three‐step process: carboxymethylation with sodium chloroacetate, esterification with dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and amidation with a series of polyalkoxyalkyleneamines. The process was followed using infrared spectroscopy; the grafted guar derivatives were characterized using ¹H NMR. A series of hydroxypropyl guar (HPR) derivatives with degrees of carboxymethylations ranging from 0.2–0.3 were modified with polyalkoxyalkyleneamines with molecular weights ranging from 300 to 3000. The ratio of oxypropylene to oxoethylene units in the polyalkoxyalkyleneamines was varied from 9/1 to 8/58 to adjust the hydrophobicity of the grafts. Aqueous solutions of the graft copolymers exhibit viscosities one to two orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding solutions of the parent guar gum. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

船舶液压推进的可行性探讨

通过对液压推进系统的能量传递方式，扭矩特性和转速控制的分析，介绍了液压推进的优点，对液压推进的可行性作了初步探讨。     

含气多孔介质卸压层裂的间隔特征——突出的前兆

含气多孔介质在卸压下的拉伸破坏有两种模式－层裂和突出，达到或超过临界破坏条件，引发骨架层裂破坏，达到或超过更强一些的临界突出条件，则引发突出，从采煤实践中逐次掘进的长过程看，层裂是已达破坏条件而未到突出条件的情况，进一步发展可能引发突出。实验表明层裂显微镜规律的间隔特征，因而与层裂相关的瓦斯浓度变化和地音信息可以认作是突出的前兆，如果在内部形成破坏区，渗流场与应力场的耦合有可以导致延时突出，石门自     

Calculating parameters for infiltration equations from soil hydraulic functions

Simple equations for predicting infiltration of water into soil are valuable both for hydrological application and for investigating soil hydraulic properties. Their value is greatly enhanced if they involve parameters that can be related to more basic soil hydraulic properties. In this paper we extend infiltration equations developed previously for positive surface heads to negative heads. The equations are then used to calculate infiltration into a sand and a clay for a range of initial and surface conditions. Results show errors of less than three percent compared with accurate numerical solutions. Analytical approximations to parameters in the equations are developed for a Brooks and Corey power law hydraulic conductivity-water content relation combined with either a Brooks and Corey or a van Genuchten water retention function. These are compared with accurate numerical values for a range of hydraulic parameters encompassing the majority of soil types and a range of initial and boundary conditions. The approximations are excellent for a wide range of soil parameters.An important attribute of the infiltration equations is their use of dimensionless parameters that can be calculated from normalised water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions. These normalised functions involve only parameters that it may be possible to estimate from surrogate data such as soil particle size distribution. Application of the equations for predicting infiltration, or their use in inferring hydraulic properties, then involves only simple scaling parameters.     

Effects of NAPL Contaminants on the Permeability of a Soil‐Bentonite Slurry Wall Material

Soilbentonite slurry walls are designed to inhibit the subsurface movement of contaminants from hazardous waste sites. Although it is generally accepted that high concentrations of organic compounds will adversely affect soilbentonite slurry walls and clay liners, previous research investigating the effects of NAPLs on the conductivity of clay wall materials has been inconclusive. In this study the effects of various organics (benzene, aniline, trichloroethylene, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride) on the effective conductivity of a typical soilbentonite slurry wall material were studied under two effective stress conditions, 200 and 52kPa. The hydraulic conductivity for the soilbentonite material permeated with water averaged 1.52×10^-8cms^-1. Compared to water, there was little change in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a solution containing a NAPL compound at its solubility limit, except for aniline. However, there was a one to two order of magnitude decrease in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a pure NAPL for all NAPLs tested. When the soilbentonite material was permeated with a water/NAPL/water/NAPL sequence, the conductivity decreased one to two orders of magnitude when a NAPL was introduced following water; however, when water was reintroduced after the NAPL, the conductivity increased to the initial hydraulic conductivity. The conductivity again decreased one to two orders of magnitude when the NAPL was reintroduced. This trend occurred for all NAPLs tested, and the fluid properties of the NAPL compounds alone did not account for the decrease in conductivity compared to water.     

基于遗传算法的水轮机振动参数识别

通过对水轮机现场测试数据的频域分析，建立了测点位移响应的参数正模型。并基于遗传算法，建立了在时域内识别结构振动参数的数值方法，采用该方法对水轮机位移响应正模型的待定参数识别进行了研究。计算结果表明，所建立的基于遗传算法的参数识别方法具有良好的稳定性、抗观测噪声能力和较高的识别精度，能够反演出比较符合实际情况的位移响应振动模型。这就为荷载识别、结构优化和预报减震效果等后续工作提供了可靠的实施前提。