Synthetical optimization of the structure dimension for the thermoacoustic regenerator

The quantitative investigation of parameters in the renegerator is essential for the optimization of thermoacoustic devices, while the majority of the previous research only considered parameters of the working field, working gas and the hydraulic radius. Based on the linear thermoacoustic theory, this paper extracts a normalized parameter for low-amplitude conditions, which is called the regenerator operation factor. By extracting the regenerator operation factor and relative hydraulic radius, the influence of frequency on the efficiency can be controlled and offset. It can be found that thermoacoustic devices with different frequencies can perform the same efficiency by adjusting the radius in proportion to the axial length. Finally, this paper synthetically optimizes the dimension of the thermoacoustic regenerator by taking the regenerator operation factor, relative hydraulic radius and acoustic field parameter as variables. Conclusions in this paper are of great significance for explaining the best working conditions of engines and directing the miniaturization and optimal design of thermoacoustic devices.     

三轴液压仿真转台非线性多输入多输出QFT控制器设计

三轴液压仿真转台本质上是非线性变参数多输入多输出系统.系统负载、油源压力、增益的变化及耦合作用随速度,加速度的变化造成很大的参数不确定性.针对液压转台提出一种基于SIMULINK模型线性化的多输入多输出非线性定量反馈设计方法.其本质是找到液压伺服系统一系列控制特性最差的运行点,直接用它们的频率响应集合来综合非线性定量反馈控制器.这种方法简化了目前的QFT多输入多输出控制系统设计方法,显示了很大的优越性.文中举例说明这种方法的效果.     

Hydraulic radius and mesh size of gels

For materials with high porosity, the hydraulic radius (r _h ) is not proportional to the characteristic dimension of the pore space. Techniques (e.g., NMR) that measure r _h will give much larger pore sizes than techniques (e.g., thermoporometry) that measure pore entry radii. In this note, estimates of the relation between hydraulic radius and pore size of gel networks are obtained from cell models. The constant in the Kozeny equation, which relates permeability to r _h , is strongly density-dependent at low densities. For gels it is suggested that the permeability is more directly related to the mesh size of the network than to the hydraulic radius. The mesh size is also critical for immobilization of dyes or enzymes in a gel, and r _h is a misleading measure of the ability of a network to entrap a large molecule.     

页岩气高效开采的力学问题与挑战

页岩气是指赋存于富含有机质泥页岩中以吸附和游离状态为主要存在方式的天然气,中国资源量丰富,地域分布广泛.页岩气开采能缓解我国常规油气产量不足、煤化石燃料引起环境污染等问题,已成为中国绿色能源开发的重要领域.尽管北美页岩气"革命"取得了成功,目前也仅有预期产量5%～15%的采收率.与北美地区相比,中国页岩气埋藏深,赋存条件差,自然丰度低,因此,高效开采面临更多的困难和挑战.近年来,围绕国家重大能源战略需求,瞄准技术发展前沿,学术界和工业界联合对页岩气高效开采的关键科学和技术问题展开研究.本文结合近三年四川、重庆地区的页岩气试验区块遇到的新问题,针对中国未来3 500 m以下深部开采的新挑战,如地质沉积、裂缝发育构造不同、上覆压力增加、水平应力场变化等新问题,介绍和总结了目前中国页岩气高效开采面临的力学科学问题,主要包括多重耦合下的安全优质钻完井力学理论和方法、水力压裂体积改造和多尺度缝网形成机制、多尺度渗流力学特性与解吸附机理等."深部页岩气高效开采"的研究面向国家重大能源需求,科学意义重大,工程背景明确,需要工程力学、石油工程、地球物理、化学工程和环境工程等多学科专家合作,开展理论研究、物理模拟、数值模拟及现场试验等综合应用基础研究,取得高效开采页岩油气理论与技术的突破.学科交叉是研究页岩气高效开采问题、突破技术瓶颈的桥梁,只有力学与石油工程、地球科学等学科实现深度交叉融合,才能更加有效地推动页岩油气等非常规油气资源的开发.     

单向开口阀式Savonius水轮机及其水动力性能研究

为提高Savonius水轮机的能量捕获效率, 提出一种单向开口阀式Savonius转子设计. 建立转子三维数值模型, 仿真分析转子叶片开口率和曲率等参数对水轮机性能以及减流效果的影响. 最后, 搭建实验平台, 开展物理模型对照实验, 验证数值模拟结果的准确性. 结果显示, 叶片的曲率半径较大且开口率较小时, S型水轮机的水动力性能有效提升; S型转子开口率为0.2时, 性能平均比无开口的S型转子提升33.57%; 当叶片的曲率半径在50~之间时, S型转子具有较好的减流效果, 在S型转子后方范围内, 可减少35%的流速.     

带有垂直裂缝定压油气藏模型的数值解

压裂作为低渗油气藏开发和油田增产的措施之一,被油田广泛应用.为使压裂方案经济合理,达到少投入多产出的目的,并提高压裂设计水平,我们对油气藏定压生产条件下压裂井产量预测的数学模型进行了数值求解,指出了各种模型的适用条件和要考虑的因素.本文主要介绍区域有裂缝存在、系数还依赖未知函数的非线性抛物型油气藏方程的数值求解。     

Surfactant Enhanced In Situ Remediation of LNAPL Contaminated Aquifers: Large Scale Studies on a Controlled Experimental Site

A central problem in a real case remediation of an oil contaminated site is the knowledge of the volume and the extent of the pollution. As the estimation of the mass balance, usually based on some point measurements, presents a large range of uncertainty, controlled experisites constitute essential research tools. The objective of SCERES (Controlled Experimental Site for Water and Soil Remediation Research) is to test techniques for both pollution quantification and in situ remediation of light non–aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) contaminated aquifers and soils. This paper reports results of experiments conducted on the experimental site SCERES and describes two techniques of surfactant flushing for the recovery of trapped diesel oil: an infiltration from the soil surface for the vadoze zone treatment and injections in depth for the capillary fringe treatment.Despite a satisfying mass balance, we underline some complex phenomena which influence the flow of fluids such as surfactants and mobilized oil in saturated and unsaturated porous media, in particular, the effect of surfactant agglomeration on oil removal efficiency. This research work also highlights some problems especially those linked with the confinement of the heterogeneous oil impregnation body.     

轴流式水力机械转轮中局限空化流动的面元奇点解法

轴流式水力机械转轮中局限空化流动的面元奇点解法刘四清，常近时（北京农业工程大学水利与建筑工程系北京１０００８３）关键词：空化，水力机械，转轮。ＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＴＯＰＡＲＴＩＡＬＣＡＶＩＴＡＴＩＯＮＦＬＯＷＩＮＩＭＰＥＬＬＥＲＯＦＡＸＩＡＬ－ＦＬＯＷＨ...     

Numerical simulation of minimum B‐jumps at abrupt drops

A numerical simulation of minimum B‐jumps in horizontal rectangular channels having an abrupt drop is given. Gradually varied, steady, supercritical flow is assumed as the initial condition. An unsteady flow is created by increasing the downstream depth. One‐dimensional, unsteady Saint‐Venant equations are solved by using the MacCormack and the dissipative two–four explicit finite difference schemes. The steady flow solution is obtained by treating the time variable as an iteration parameter and letting the solution converge to the steady state. The abrupt drop is treated as an interior boundary and solved by the method of characteristics. The results are compared with experimental and analytical studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.