甲烷-空气最小点火能量预测理论模型

 最小点火能是可燃气体危险性辨识的重要参数之一。为从理论上得到混合气体的最小点火能,建立了可燃气体火花点火的物理模型,给出了通过数值模拟得到的可燃气体最小点火能量的预测方法,采用该方法得到了甲烷-空气混合气火花点火的临界温度及最小点火能量。结果表明：甲烷-空气混合气的最小点火能量与浓度呈U型关系,浓度为8.5%的预混气的最小点火能量计算值为0.39 mJ,与实验值0.4 mJ吻合较好。     

A three‐dimensional surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrate: Au nanoparticle supramolecular self‐assembly in anodic aluminum oxide template

A three‐dimensional surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate via the self‐assembly of properly sized Au nanoparticles in anodic aluminum oxide templates was designed and prepared. Au nanoparticles first underwent hydrophobic surface modification. Then, the hydrophobic Au nanoparticles self‐assembled, aggregated and formed many hot spots in the anodic aluminum oxide templates through a supramolecular interaction. We chose thiophenol as a probe molecule to evaluate the SERS enhancement ability of this three‐dimensional substrate. The enhancement factor was calculated to be 4.6 × 10⁶ under the radiation of a 785‐nm laser. By further comparing SERS signals from different points on the same substrate, we confirmed that this substrate possessed good reproducibility and could be applied for SERS detection. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

热核的热稳定曲线

从核极限温度的角度研究了热核的热稳定性.采用Skyrme相互作用力计算热核同位素的极限温度,得到的极限温度的同位素分布呈现出倒置抛物线的趋势,与中能重离子反应多重碎裂中同位素产额分布的实验结果具有一致的行为表现.系统地计算了从轻到重的一系列元素极限温度的同位素分布,并从中抽取出热核的热稳定曲线.与β稳定线相比,热核的热稳定线更加偏丰中子.     

The Newton modified barrier method for QP problems

The Modified Barrier Functions (MBF) have elements of both Classical Lagrangians (CL) and Classical Barrier Functions (CBF). The MBF methods find an unconstrained minimizer of some smooth barrier function in primal space and then update the Lagrange multipliers, while the barrier parameter either remains fixed or can be updated at each step. The numerical realization of the MBF method leads to the Newton MBF method, where the primal minimizer is found by using Newton's method. This minimizer is then used to update the Lagrange multipliers. In this paper, we examine the Newton MBF method for the Quadratic Programming (QP) problem. It will be shown that under standard second-order optimality conditions, there is a ball around the primal solution and a cut cone in the dual space such that for a set of Lagrange multipliers in this cut cone, the method converges quadratically to the primal minimizer from any point in the aforementioned ball, and continues, to do so after each Lagrange multiplier update. The Lagrange multipliers remain within the cut cone and converge linearly to their optimal values. Any point in this ball will be called a hot start. Starting at such a hot start, at mostO(In In ^-1) Newton steps are sufficient to perform the primal minimization which is necessary for the Lagrange multiplier update. Here, >0 is the desired accuracy. Because of the linear convergence of the Lagrange multipliers, this means that onlyO(In ^-1)O(In In ^-1) Newton steps are required to reach an -approximation to the solution from any hot start. In order to reach the hot start, one has to perform Newton steps, wherem characterizes the size of the problem andC>0 is the condition number of the QP problem. This condition number will be characterized explicitly in terms of key parameters of the QP problem, which in turn depend on the input data and the size of the problem.Partially supported by NASA Grant NAG3-1397 and National Science Foundation Grant DMS-9403218.     

叶轮出口总温总压测量用单热膜吸气探针的研究

在完整地分析热丝工作关系式的基础上,设计了一种用于周期性动态温度测量的单热膜吸气探针,进行了稳态校准实验和频响检测实验,得到了与理论分析良好一致的探针输出对温度和压力的变化特性,通过严格的标定,可以做到探针测量精度在1％以内。探针的频响至少可达20kHz。用该探针成功测出了一台低压离心风机叶轮出口的温度分布,表明这种探针以其高频响和足够高的灵敏度适用于叶轮机械转子出口温度分布测量。     

激光固体靶相互作用产生正电子的模拟研究

采用Monte Carlo程序Geant4对激光固体靶相互作用正电子产生进行了研究。研究了超热电子能量分布函数对正电子产生的影响,结果表明采用不同的分布函数,最多可致正电子产额约3倍的差异,分布函数的最大截止能量在30 MeV以上时正电子产额趋于饱和。研究了正电子产生与超热电子发散角的关联,结果表明发散角模型对正电子产额影响不大,而正电子角分布对超热电子发散角较为敏感,且靶背鞘场对正电子发散角的减小贡献巨大。模拟结果显示靶厚度的增加可导致正电子发散角的增大,而当靶厚度超过2 mm时,发散角基本保持不变。此外,模拟了超热电子发散角、靶厚度及靶背鞘场对正电子电子份额比及正电子份额比角分布的影响。     

冲击作用下HMX晶体孔洞塌缩热点生成机制的细观数值模拟

热点的形成、点火以及成长过程是理解非均匀炸药冲击起爆的关键.采用离散元法,对冲击作用下含孔洞的HMX晶体进行了细观数值模拟.计算结果表明:在较低冲击作用下,孔洞边缘发生了较大的剪切变形,粘塑性功形成热点;而在较高冲击作用下,孔洞塌缩产生射流,汇聚流动,冲击下游炸药形成热点,并获得了孔洞塌缩和热点生成演化的细观过程.     

超重核合成进展

介绍了超重核合成的历史和现状 ,对现有的超重核合成的实验情况和理论模型做了评述 ,指出了在国内利用现有设备和放射性核束装置开展超重核合成可能的方案     

介质加载折叠波导行波管的线性分析

提出了一种介质加载折叠波导慢波结构,给出了该结构中存在电子注时慢波互作用的热色散方程,在介电常数ε_r=1的特殊情况下该方程即简化为普通折叠波导的小信号工作方程.在给定慢波结构尺寸的基础上,分析比较了介质加载对放大器小信号增益特性的影响,结果表明:"弱加载"(介质厚度d/a<0.1)时,无需重新设计慢波结构的参数,只需适当调整工作电压和电流就可以满足原有设计要求,而且和未加载时相比增益特性更为平坦,降低的电子注阻抗也有利于电子效率的提高.考虑到 关键词： 折叠波导 行波管放大器 介质加载 热色散方程     

半导体冰箱冷热端散热条件实验研究

半导体制冷器件是一种高热流密度元件,在红外测量、低温超导、生物医学、空间技术等领域有重要的应用,还可开发成专用制冷装置,适用于野外施工、勘探,考古以及郊游等户外活动食品饮料的保鲜,也可用于食品、饮料及医用疫苗等的冷藏。在给定工况下,通过改善半导体器件的冷热端散热条件,可使系统制冷量和制冷性能系数大幅提高。本文设计了实验装置,特别设计了8种实验工况对采用强迫对流换热和热端采用热管换热器散热的实际半导体制冷装置进行了实验分析,提出了改善半导体制冷元件散热条件的具体措施。