相移法获取三维光弹特征相位差的方法

对于三维光弹模型,次主应力及其方向沿入射光连续变化,根据光学等效的原理,可以将三维光弹模型等效为一个包含线性相位延迟器和旋光器的光学模型。在集成光弹法中,对于每一个测量点,研究者必需通过实验获取三个特征参数。提出了一种用于确定集成光弹中全场特征相位差的五步相移法,给出了偏振光场中元器件的设置方法,并运用Jones算子推导出相移法得出的光强公式。最后使用斜射法对径向受压圆盘进行实验,验证了方法的有效性。     

动光弹性法中若干问题的近期研究进展

为适应解决工程中越来越多动态力学问题的需求,在近年来计算技术、高速摄影技术、图像处理技术等迅速发展的基础上,本文对动光弹性法中的若干关键问题近期的研究进展作简要叙述。内容包括:(1)新型数字式动光弹仪的研制,这种光弹仪以激光光源取代多火花放电式光源,实现了连续、实时的强光源,以高速摄影系统取代原来多个相机的拍摄系统,利用计算机软件对整个系统装置进行控制,实现了图像的优化采集,为数字化处理图像提供了有力的保障;(2)静、动光弹性材料的探索,重点介绍了动光弹模型材料的新配方和新工艺;该工艺采用硅橡胶模具,无需使用脱模剂,利用常温固化形成环氧树脂板材或块体,可精密浇注,一次到位,材料具有良好的光力学性能;(3)动光弹的工程应用,利用新型数字式动光弹仪器以及环氧树脂浇注新的工艺进行了实际工程的研究,取得了一些有价值的结果。文中以某舰船中的部件舵机和基座及海岸工程中港口关键部位柱、柱帽连接部位为实例进行了动应力分析,证明了新研制的仪器和新材料均满足试验要求,有广阔的发展前景。     

动光弹性法中若干问题的近期研究进展

为适应解决工程中越来越多动态力学问题的需求,在近年来计算技术、高速摄影技术、图像处理技术等迅速发展的基础上,本文对动光弹性法中的若干关键问题近期的研究进展作简要叙述。内容包括：(1)新型数字式动光弹仪的研制,这种光弹仪以激光光源取代多火花放电式光源,实现了连续、实时的强光源,以高速摄影系统取代原来多个相机的拍摄系统,利用计算机软件对整个系统装置进行控制,实现了图像的优化采集,为数字化处理图像提供了有力的保障;(2)静、动光弹性材料的探索,重点介绍了动光弹模型材料的新配方和新工艺;该工艺采用硅橡胶模具,无需使用脱模剂,利用常温固化形成环氧树脂板材或块体,可精密浇注,一次到位,材料具有良好的光力学性能;(3)动光弹的工程应用,利用新型数字式动光弹仪器以及环氧树脂浇注新的工艺进行了实际工程的研究,取得了一些有价值的结果。文中以某舰船中的部件舵机和基座及海岸工程中港口关键部位柱、柱帽连接部位为实例进行了动应力分析,证明了新研制的仪器和新材料均满足试验要求,有广阔的发展前景。     

An adaptive scanning scheme for effective whole field stress separation in digital photoelasticity

In photoelasticity, the method of obtaining the individual values of principal stresses/normal stresses separately is referred to as stress separation. Shear difference method is one of the widely used techniques for stress separation in digital photoelasticity. Normally a simple raster scanning approach is used in shear difference method in which stress separation is carried out for all the lines within the model domain by either row-wise horizontally or column-wise vertically starting from the boundary pixels. This requires the presence of a free boundary to start the integration scheme for every row of interest, which is not always possible in most of the practical problems. In order to overcome this, in this paper, an adaptive scanning scheme is proposed so that stress separation can be carried out even if there is only one free boundary pixel available in the model. The new scanning scheme is validated using the theoretically generated data for the problem of a ring subjected to internal pressure. Later, the applicability of this scheme is demonstrated by using two other example problems.     

Jeffrey fluid flow due to curved stretching surface with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux

The two-dimensional (2D) motion of the Jeffrey fluid by the curved stretching sheet coiled in a circle is investigated. The non-Fourier heat flux model is used for the heat transfer analysis. Feasible similarity variables are used to transform the highly nonlinear ordinary equations to partial differential equations (PDEs). The homotopy technique is used for the convergence of the velocity and temperature equations. The effects of the involved parameters on the physical properties of the fluid are described graphically. The results show that the curvature parameter is an increasing function of velocity and temperature, and the temperature is a decreasing function of the thermal relaxation time. Besides, the Deborah number has a reverse effect on the pressure and surface drag force.     

压缩剪切测试中载荷传递行为的数字光弹性研究

结合光弹性四步彩色相移法,提出改进的六步相移法来计算全场剪应力,对径压缩圆盘实验证实了该方法的正确性,并进一步研究了同质材料连接结构在压缩剪切测试中的层间剪切行为。实验结果表明:全场等色线条纹级数和剪应力连续分布且随载荷而增加;中线附近剪应力趋于零,而条纹级数为峰谷。在连接界面上的条纹级数和剪应力出现峰值,特别是在连接界面端部为最高,在最大载荷下可分别达3.5级和2.4MPa,是导致连接界面脱粘开裂的危险区域。连接结构通过层间剪应力进行应力传递,在连接界面上剪应力与外载基本保持平衡。     

热光弹性法在残余热应力场分析上的运用

本文用热光弹性法对金属构件因热疲劳裂纹扩展而引起的残余应力场进行分析,并针对具体实验采用实验中途调节参数的方法满足了相似准则,使结果具有良好的精度.     

界面对应力波作用的动光弹试验研究

用动光弹法分析研究了在冲击载荷作用下界面上应力波的传播过程,利用应力波理论分析了界面上应力波的作用机理,证实了界面上存在着能量累积和阻滞能量传递的作用,并结合弹性波动理论和应力 光学定律导出了波动方程与条纹级数之间的关系式。     

光弹性测量中的位相展开

根据调制度排序，提出了一个新的用于模型全场光弹条纹级次测量的位相展开方法，并进行了实验验证。在位相展开区域的边界上，位相展开的路径由像素的强度调制决定。这个方法的优点是很明显的，即使在最坏情况下，其误差也限制在局部最小区域上。     

The use of phase-stepping for the measurement of characteristic parameters in integrated photoelasticity

A three-dimensional photoelastic body can be represented by an optically equivalent model, which consists of a linear retarder, δ, at a certain angle, θ, and a pure rotator, χ. These have been described as the characteristic retardation, δ, and the primary and secondary characteristic directions, θ and θ+χ. Until now these characteristic parameters have only been determined using manual, point-by-point collection methods which are involved and time consuming. Therefore an automated phase-stepping method has been developed to enable the determination of the three characteristic parameters for three-dimensional or integrated photoelasticity. Expressions have been derived to obtain δ, θ and θ+χ from six phase-stepped images. These images are collected using a CCD camera and the full-field data is processed using a standard personal computer. This novel method allows accurate, full-field maps of all three characteristic parameters to be obtained in a relatively short time, which makes full-field tomographic reconstruction of photoelastic data a real possibility. Both are SEM Members.