基于四元数卡尔曼滤波的捷联惯导初始对准算法

针对晃动基座捷联惯导初始对准问题,研究了一种具有干扰抑制能力的初始对准算法。根据重力矢量在惯性空间投影构成一包含地球北向信息的旋转锥面的现象,利用坐标系惯性凝固假设将重力量测矢量和参考矢量分别投影到载体惯性坐标系和导航惯性坐标系,将晃动基座条件下的初始对准转化为基于重力量测矢量确定对准起始时刻的姿态问题。借鉴四元数线性伪量测方程的概念,利用重力投影矢量与初始姿态四元数的线性量测关系实现初始姿态四元数的直接滤波估计。初始姿态四元数在对准过程中为常值,以其作为待估计的状态可避免系统模型误差和初始误差的影响。利用转台模拟不同的摇摆对准环境,导航级惯导系统可在10 min内完成初始对准且方位误差小于3’。     

垂直沉积干燥薄膜的剪切模量粒径依赖研究

作者前期在关于胶体颗粒粒径对干燥薄膜的初始裂纹形成影响的研究论文中报道了:对于相同厚度薄膜的初始裂纹,其裂纹间距随颗粒粒径的增大而减小.本文从这一实验现象出发,针对垂直沉积干燥薄膜的剪切模量进行了进一步的理论分析.结果表明此薄膜的剪切模量同样具有粒径依赖的特性.同时,通过与颗粒聚集体材料剪切模量的粒径依赖性的比较,我们发现二者有所差异,这表明干燥薄膜的剪切模量不仅仅由其固相部分决定,其液相部分的影响不可忽视.     

人行桥标准行人激励荷载的构建与验证

基于Young和Ebrahimpour等学者对行人步行荷载竖向激励特征的研究成果,利用傅立叶级数模型构建了行人正常步行状态下的标准荷载激励,并从曲线形状和引起人行桥动力反应两方面与8组实测的步行荷载进行比较,验证了标准步行荷载的准确性。通过理论分析进一步讨论了均方根加速度动力反应arms与动载因子ci和相位角φi的关系,并给出了具有参考价值的结论。     

四轮客货车安全车速实时监测模型的研究

考虑实际坡度条件下, 提出了基于压力传感器的汽车重心与安全车速实时监测系统的多元力学模型. 建立了考虑车辆重心高度、路面纵横双向坡度及路面半径等因素的车辆安全车速控制力学模型, 并在三维模型分析的基础上提出监测与报警机理, 可为汽车安全系统提供安全车速与重心计算的多维力学模型, 为研制汽车安全车速实时监测系统提供了必要参数与依据.     

Free (open) boundary condition: some experiences with viscous flow simulations

The free (or open) boundary condition (FBC, OBC) was proposed by Papanastasiou et al. (A new outflow boundary condition, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 1992; 14:587–608) to handle truncated domains with synthetic boundaries where the outflow conditions are unknown. In the present work, implementation of the FBC has been tested in several benchmark problems of viscous flow in fluid mechanics. The FEM is used to provide numerical results for both cases of planar and axisymmetric domains under laminar, isothermal or non‐isothermal, steady‐state conditions, for Newtonian fluids. The effects of inertia, gravity, compressibility, pressure dependence of the viscosity, slip at the wall, and surface tension are all considered individually in the extrudate‐swell benchmark problem for a wide range of the relevant parameters. The present results extend previous ones regarding the applicability of the FBC and show cases where the FBC is inappropriate, namely in the extrudate‐swell problem with gravity or surface‐tension effects. Particular emphasis has been given to the pressure at the outflow, which is the most sensitive quantity of the computations. In all cases where FBC is appropriate, excellent agreement has been found in comparisons with results from very long domains. The formulation for Picard‐type iterations is given in some detail, and the differences with the Newton–Raphson formulation are highlighted regarding some computational aspects. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

任意圈层径向非均质土中桩的纵向振动特性

研究三维轴对称条件下径向非均质土中桩的纵向振动. 首先将桩周土体沿径向分为任意圈层来考虑土体的径向非均质性,每个圈层土体均质; 然后结合边界条件和相邻圈层土体之间接触面上位移和应力连续条件,对任意圈层土体动力平衡方程由外而内逐层求解,进而利用桩-土完全耦合条件求解桩动力平衡方程,得到桩顶的频域响应解析解和时域响应半解析解; 最后通过对土体主要控制参数的研究,得出了土体径向非均匀性对桩-土动力响应的影响.      

Effect of rotation in generalized thermoelastic solid under the influence of gravity with an overlying infinite thermoelastic fluid

The present problem is concerned with the study of deformation of a rotating generalized thermoelastic solid with an overlying infinite thermoelastic fluid due to different forces acting along the interface under the influence of gravity.The components of displacement,force stress,and temperature distribution are first obtained in Laplace and Fourier domains by applying integral transforms,and then obtained in the physical domain by applying a numerical inversion method.Some particular cases are also discussed in the context of the problem.The results are also presented graphically to show the effect of rotation and gravity in the medium.     

Mixing Layers in Sink Flow: Effect of Length of Flight on Mixing in a Channel Downstream

We have experimentally and analytically studied transport of a passive scalar in the wake of a thin flat plate located at the centerline of a planar contraction with flat walls. The constant Launder parameter in the contraction, K = 6.25 ×10^− 6, was twice the value required for a turbulent boundary layer to relaminarize. In addition to the mixing analysis inside the contraction, layer mixing is also investigated downstream, where the flow continues inside a constant cross-section channel. In order to generate the passive scalar, the airflow above the plate was heated and the temperature stratification in the wake was traced by measuring the temperature field using constant current anemometry. Using different plate lengths, we found that the degree of mixing, obtained at a given position in the straight channel, is a function of the distance from the plate trailing edge to the contraction outlet. For a plate which does not protrude into the straight channel, we demonstrate the existence of an optimal trailing edge-contraction outlet distance that results in the lowest possible degree of mixing at a given downstream position in the straight channel. This finding is also supported by a semi-empirical relationship based on our developed self-similar solution for mixing layers in planar contractions.     

轴对称弹性应变梯度理论公式推导及有限元实现

用张量运算推导了弹性应变梯度轴对称问题的基本公式.建立了应变梯度轴对称不协调元的弱连续条件,进一步建立了满足弱连续条件的应变梯度轴对称18-DOF三角形单元(BCIZ+ART9),其中BCIZ满足线性应变C0连续,用于计算应变ε;ART9满足常曲率C1弱连续,用于计算应变梯度η0数值结果表明该单元通过C0-1分片检验并能体现材料的尺度效应.     

超声马达梯度涂层摩擦材料研究

超声马达摩擦材料应同时具有良好的摩擦学特性和一定的接触变形要求,目前所用单一均质结构摩擦材料较难满足这一要求,需要研制新型摩擦材料.本文从摩擦学的减摩结构模型反推出一种增摩结构模型,针对超声马达对摩擦材料的要求,提出梯度涂层摩擦材料的设计思想,采用表面黏涂法研制了一种具有梯度结构的涂层摩擦材料.利用超声马达模拟试验装置考察了涂层厚度对超声马达性能的影响,初步验证了模型的正确性.在本文的试验条件下,当涂层材料表层厚度为1mm,底层厚度为0.7mm左右时,超声马达具有较好的性能.与其它种类的摩擦材料相比较,梯度涂层摩擦材料可以满足超声马达的使用要求,可望提升超声马达的性能,具有良好的发展前景.