柔性双尾鳍效率的测量和优化

建立了仿生拍动推进推力和效率的测量平台,通过电机的转动扭矩、转动角速度及推进力计算得到仿生推进系统的推进效率.对本课题组研制的组合仿生无人水下航行器中柔性双尾鳍模型进行了测量与分析,结果表明柔性尾鳍推进时小摆幅摆动运动效率要高于大摆幅运动;双尾鳍推进方式在小摆幅模式下无论在推进力还是在效率方面都要优于单尾鳍.最后根据模型实验数据,优化了双尾鳍推进的运动参数,并用于优化UUV性能.     

栅格翼空化干扰水动力建模研究

对水下超空泡栅格翼水动力进行了研究.分析了叶片数、叶片间距、叶片厚度、叶片攻角和空化数对栅格翼水动力的影响.揭示了叶片间隙中的空泡流动对水动力的干扰机理.建立了超空泡栅格翼水动力数学模型,并用实验结果进行了验证.最后基于模型解释了实验中发现的栅格翼水动力变化规律.     

矩形槽内水体大幅晃动分析中截断误差影响范围判断方法探讨

液体大幅晃动是目前CFD研究中一个热点。在CFD中,偏微分方程离散所产生的截断误差是主要的误差来源,且与网格尺度密切相关。本文首先从理论上介绍了截断误差的产生过程,由此过程可知截断误差与物理粘性的作用具有类似性。以此概念为基础,根据液体晃动动力响应的特点提出了在液体大幅晃动分析中,如何通过对物理粘性系数的参数敏感性分析,判断截断误差的作用范围从而判断计算精度是否满足要求的方法,最后与现有试验资料进行对比校核,验证了该方法的实用性。     

Measurements of velocity fields in finite cylinder arrays with and without tip clearance

The velocity field in a finite cylinder array was investigated experimentally in a water towing tank and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). The experimental system consisted of a staggered cylinder array having 14 rows to permit streamwise evolution of the flow. The boundaries were manipulated to create several global flow configurations. Three basic configurations were studied: a globally unidirectional flow, a flow with partial lateral blockage at the inlet and outlet planes, and a flow with the top boundary separated from the cylinders creating a tip clearance. The three components of the velocity vector were measured at various points within the model. Time-averaged results are presented for the different flow configurations. The results provide insight into the development of the flow field in cases of a finite array with complex geometry and boundary effects.     

Prediction of cooling-coil performance under condensing conditions

The possibility of predicting chilled-water cooling-coil performance under condensing conditions using dry-surface heat transfer correlations is examined. Experimentally determined wet-surface Nusselt number data are presented and compared with dry-surface data obtained from the same cooling coils. The wet-surface Nusselt numbers show considerable scatter; some of the results are higher than the corresponding dry-surface correlations, while others are lower. A sensitivity analysis is presented to illustrate that the wet-surface Nusselt numbers are very sensitive to the uncertainties in the measured inlet dew-point temperature and the measured heat transfer rate. It is demonstrated that the use of dry-surface Nusselt number correlations in a coil model result in wet-surface heat transfer predictions that are generally within 5 percent of the experimentally determined value.     

Laminar boundary layer separation at a fin-body junction in a hypersonic flow

Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging was performed to visualize the fin bow shock, separation shock, viscous shear layer and recirculation region of the flowfield at the junction of a blunt fin and a flat plate. Making use of the temperature dependence of the PLIF technique, images were made sensitive to temperature to provide qualitative information on the flowfield. The PLIF technique was also used as the basis for a flow-tagging technique, making it possible to measure a velocity component and to demonstrate the reverse flow of the separated region. Flow visualisation of the plane of symmetry allowed determination of the point of boundary layer separation, the angle of the separation shock and the bow shock standoff distance. These parameters were compared with predictions made by computational fluid dynamic simulations of the flowfield. Good agreement between theory and experiment was achieved. Comparisons between theoretical and experimental velocity measurements showed good agreement. Received 17 October 2000 / Accepted 13 November 2000     

One-dimensional finite element heat transfer solution of a fin with triangular perforations of bases parallel and towered its base

Heat transfer dissipation from a horizontal rectangular fin embedded with equilateral triangular perforations is computed numerically using one-dimensional finite element technique. The bases of the triangles are parallel and toward the fin base. The body of the fin is discretized into a number of subdivisions (finite elements). The number of these elements can be altered as required according to the automatic mesh generation. The heat dissipation of the perforated fin is computed and compared with that of the solid one of the same dimensions and same thermal properties. The comparison refers to acceptable results and heat dissipation enhancement due to certain perforation.     

基于(火积)耗散率最小的复杂肋片对流换热构形优化

基于构形理论, 以基于(火积)耗散率定义的当量热阻最小为优化目标对复杂肋片进行构形优化, 得到同时考虑肋片导热和对流换热(火积)耗散性能的肋片最优构形, 并比较不同形状和不同优化目标下的肋片最优构形. 结果表明: 存在最佳单元级直肋、中部空腔以及肋片末梢高度和长度比使得复杂肋片当量热阻取得三重最小值. 当量热阻最小的复杂肋片最优构形与T-Y形肋片最优构形相比, 复杂肋片结构使得肋片整体传热性能大大提高. 当肋片传热为二维传热且根部较宽时, 肋片根部温度越不均匀, 当量热阻最小和最大热阻最小的复杂肋片最优构形差别越大. 在保证热安全性的前提下, 工程上对肋片进行优化设计时可选择当量热阻最小的肋片构形设计方案以降低其平均传热温差、提高整体传热性能. 本文从传热优化角度为复杂肋片的优化设计提供了参考.     

Entropy Analysis of the Thermal Convection of Nanosuspension within a Chamber with a Heat-Conducting Solid Fin

Heat transport augmentation in closed chambers can be achieved using nanofluids and extended heat transfer surfaces. This research is devoted to the computational analysis of natural convection energy transport and entropy emission within a closed region, with isothermal vertical borders and a heat-conducting solid fin placed on the hot border. Horizontal walls were assumed to be adiabatic. Control relations written using non-primitive variables with experimentally based correlations for nanofluid properties were computed by the finite difference technique. The impacts of the fin size, fin position, and nanoadditive concentration on energy transfer performance and entropy production were studied. It was found that location of the long fin near the bottom wall allowed for the intensification of convective heat transfer within the chamber. Moreover, this position was characterized by high entropy generation. Therefore, the minimization of the entropy generation can define the optimal location of the heat-conducting fin using the obtained results. An addition of nanoparticles reduced the heat transfer strength and minimized the entropy generation.