Phase Equilibria in the Systems Ethyl 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ether + Benzene + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane and Benzene + 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane at 94.00 kPa

Abstract

Consistent vapor-liquid equilibria data at 94.00 kPa have been determined for the ternary system ethyl 1,1-dimethylethyl ether + benzene + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and for its constituent binary benzene + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, in the temperature range 343 to 370 K. The systems exhibit slight positive deviations from ideal behavior and the system benzene + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane presents an azeotrope. The VLE data have been correlated with the mole fraction using the Redlich-Kister, Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC, and Tamir relations. These models, in addition to UNIFAC, allow good prediction of the VLE properties of the ternary system from those of the pertinent binary systems.     

Developing biorefinery in China

Biorefinery based on biomass resources is an important approach for the oil refining and petrochemical industry to achieve sustainable development. Two types of biorefinery suitable for China’s biomass resources are presented in this paper. With sorgo and cassava as raw material, an ethanol-biorefinery for the production of ethanol-gasoline and chemicals is explored, and with rape seed and cotton seed oil as raw material, a biodiesel-biorefinery for the production of biodiesel and chemicals is also explored. The associated problems and measures taken are discussed in the end.     

Pervaporation performance of crosslinked polyethylene glycol membranes for deep desulfurization of FCC gasoline

An crosslinked polyethylene glycol (PEG) membrane was prepared for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline desulfurization. Sulfur enrichment factor come to 4.75 and 3.51 for typical FCC gasoline feed with sulfur content of 238.28 and 1227.24 μg/g, respectively. Pervaporation performance of membranes kept stable within the long time run of 500 h, which indicated that crosslinked PEG membranes had the property of resisting pollution. Judging from chromatographic analysis, the membranes were more efficient for thiophene species. Effects of operation conditions including permeate pressure, feed temperature, feed flow rate and feed sulfur content level on the pervaporation performance were investigated. Permeation flux decreased with increasing permeate pressure while increased with the operating temperature increase. Sulfur enrichment factor increased firstly and decreased then when permeate pressure and temperature rose. The peak value occurred at 10.5 mm Hg and 358 K for model compounds feed (378 K for FCC gasoline feed). Arrhenius relationship existed between flux and operating temperature. Both sulfur enrichment factor and flux were shown to increase with increasing feed flow rate. Permeation flux increased while sulfur enrichment factor decreased as the feed sulfur content increased, but the influence of increasing sulfur content on pervaporation performance weakened when sulfur content come to 600 μg/g.     

NiO或NiSO4改性的纳米HZSM-5催化剂的加氢脱硫活性

研究了纳米HZSM-5及其用不同镍化合物改性的催化剂的脱硫活性. 结果表明,对全馏分催化裂化汽油脱硫, NiSO4改性比NiO改性的催化剂有更好的脱硫活性稳定性. 通过催化剂吸附吡啶前后的傅里叶变换红外光谱、氨程序升温脱附和微分热重分析等表征结果发现, NiSO4中的SO2-4与催化剂中的Al2O3之间存在着较强的相互作用;这种相互作用可以产生类似于超强酸的酸性质,大大提高了催化剂路易斯酸中心的数量和强度,从而提高了催化剂催化脱硫活性的稳定性.     

A Novel Catalyst for Isobutene Oligomerization to High Quality Gasoline

Dimerization of isobutene in liquid state to form high-octane value gasoline components was investigated over a homemade novel ion exchange resin,SPPESK,which shows high activity and selectivity in isobutene dimerization under mild conditions.     

分子筛催化FCC混合C4烯烃液相水合反应

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as an octane promoter in automobile fuels has been phased out in some countries due to environmental problems. This motivates substantial interest in finding new ways for upgrading gasoline[1,2]. The use of a replacement for MTBE, such as ethanol, is a feasible method to enhance the oxygenates and increase the octane number of gasoline[3].     

改性纳米ZSM－5催化剂脱除汽油中烯烃的性能

 在考察ZSM－5沸石晶粒大小对脱除汽油中烯烃的影响的基础上，用纳米ZSM－5沸石作为活性组分负载Co－Mo氧化物制备了改性纳米ZSM－5沸石催化剂，并用XRF，NH3－TPD和TEM等方法对催化剂进行了表征．以脱除DCC汽油中的烯烃为探针反应，临氢条件下，在固定床反应器上对催化剂脱除烯烃的性能进行了评价，考察了反应温度、压力、质量空速和氢／油比对催化剂脱除烯烃性能的影响．结果表明，由于纳米ZSM－5沸石具有晶粒小、微孔短、扩散路程短以及表面酸中心数量多等特点，因而表现出较高的催化活性和较强的抗积碳性能．在V（H2）／V（oil）＝300，WHSV＝3h－1，p（H2）＝3．0MPa和θ＝350℃的适宜条件下，DCC汽油中烯烃的含量由60．7％下降到40％左右，芳烃和烷烃的含量增加；在脱除烯烃的同时可维持汽油的辛烷值不降低．催化剂连续运行1000h以上，其脱除烯烃的性能稳定．     

催化噻吩类硫化物与烯烃烷基化硫转移反应的固体酸催化剂的失活机理

 催化裂化(FCC)汽油中的硫化物多以噻吩类硫化物的形式存在,而且相对集中在沸程较高的馏分中. 通过固体酸催化剂催化噻吩类硫化物与烯烃的烷基化反应生成多烷基噻吩,可较大程度地提高其沸点,再经精馏将硫化物转移至FCC汽油的重馏分中,从而达到脱硫目的. 考察了AlCl3-CT175树脂催化剂催化模型硫化物如噻吩、2-甲基噻吩及2-乙基噻吩与异丁烯的烷基化反应性能,采用GC-FPD和GC-MS技术研究了AlCl3-CT175树脂催化剂的失活机理. 结果表明,原料中的二烯烃杂质在固体酸催化剂作用下发生聚合反应结焦,覆盖在催化剂表面,堵塞孔道,从而导致催化剂失活.     

用气相色谱-质谱和气相色谱-红外联用技术分析热裂解汽油C9馏分中的组成

采用气相色谱-质谱和气相色谱-红外联用技术对热裂解汽油C9馏分中的组分进行分离和定性分析。实验使用了50m聚甲基硅氧烷毛细管色谱柱,EI电离源,电离能70eV和10eV,红外光谱仪的检测器为MCT。通过分析确定了热裂解汽油C9馏分中52个化合物的结构。降低质谱的电离能有利于确定组分的分子量。质谱可以提供被测组分的裂解碎片离子和分子量的信息,红外在确定官能团和同分异构体时要优于质谱。两种联用技术的使用较好地解决了单一方法测定复杂混合物中组分结构所存在的缺陷。     

重油催化裂化汽油中含硫化合物的分析

 采用气相法 ,分别利用火焰光度检测器 (FPD)和原子发射检测器 (AED)对中国石化北京燕山石油化工公司 (简称燕化 )炼油厂和石家庄炼油厂生产的重油催化裂化 (RFCC)汽油中的硫化物进行了分析。燕化炼油厂RFCC汽油中总硫只有 2 9 5mg/L ,采用FPD无法检测 ;石家庄炼油厂的RFCC汽油中总硫为 72 0 1mg/L。用标样和气相 质谱法 (GC MS)定性 ,FPD分离检测出 19种硫化物 ,主要是硫醇、噻吩类硫化物 ,硫醚类硫化物和二硫化物均未检出。用AED鉴定出燕化炼油厂RFCC汽油中的硫化物 12种 ,主要是噻吩和四氢噻吩类、低碳硫醇和二硫化物。