RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN X—H STRETCHING OVERTONE FREQUENCIES AND BOND LENGTHS/BOND ANGLES

A relationship between the X-H (X = N, O, C, and so on) equilibrium bond length in a Morse oscillator and the X-H stretching overtone frequency shifts is obtained theoretically. We use the equation to discuss the empirical linear relationships that have been proposed for heterocyclics, alkanes and fluorinated benzenes. On the other hand, a unified relationship between the X-H bond angles and the experimental quantities (ω(?) and the coupling strength λ) is also presented for XH2, XH, and XH4 molecules or molecular fragments. Calculations of X-H bond angles for a number of molecules show that the results from our equations are in excellent agreement with the experimental values. Also we can extract the information of relative magnitude of bond coupling force field.     

Three bits eight states photochromic recording and nondestructive readout by using IR light

A photochromic polymer film containing three different diarylethene derivatives, that is, 1,2-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1), 1,2-bis(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (2), and 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (3) was prepared. Upon UV irradiation, the three derivatives changed to their closed-ring isomers having different colors, yellow, red, and blue. They showed different spectra not only in UV/Vis region but also in the IR spectral region. Upon irradiation with visible light of appropriate wavelengths, each closed-ring isomer was selectively bleached, and three bits eight states recording was performed. The eight states could be read out nondestructively by using IR light of appropriate wavenumbers.     

Development of a systems analysis approach for resolving the structure of biodegrading soil systems

An experimental and mathematical method is developed for the microbial systems analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading mixed cultures in PAH-contaminated “town gas” soil systems. Frequency response is the primary experimental and data analysis tool used to probe the structure of these complicated systems. The objective is to provide a fundamental protocol for evaluating the performance of specific mixed microbial cultures on specific soil systems by elucidating the salient system variables and their interactions. Two well-described reactor systems, a constant volume stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a plug flow differential volume reactor, are used in order to remove performance effects that are related to reactor type as opposed to system structure. These two reactor systems are well-defined systems that can be described mathematically and represent the two extremes of one potentially important system variable, macroscopic mass transfer. The experimental and mathematical structure of the protocol is described, experimental data is presented, and data analysis is demonstrated for the stripping, sorption, and biodegradation of napththalene.     

Time-dependent fluctuations in infrared vsCH2 frequencies in acyl chain membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii cells

We measured FT-IR spectra of intact Acholeplasma laidlawii cells grown at 37 °C on palmitic acid (C16:0) or on binary palmitic acid-d31/oleic acid (C16:0-d31/C18:1(9)) at an initial mole ratio of 2:3, which have been previously reported to produce significant fluctuations in CH₂ symmetric stretching (ν_sCH₂) and CD₂ asymmetric stretching (ν_aCD₂) frequencies (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1279 (1996) 49). Time courses for acyl chain ν_sCH₂ and ν_aCD₂ frequencies determined from fourth derivative spectra are presented. Fluctuations were detected with the C16:0 enriched cells at temperatures above 40 °C as well as with the cells enriched in 2:3 C16:0-d₃₁/C18:1(9). These observations at temperatures above 40 °C for the C16:0 enriched cells were not in agreement with the conclusion in the previous work by Moore et al. Our results have suggested that the 2850 cm⁻¹ ν_sCH₂ band comprises two components arising from trans and gauche conformations, and that the fluctuations in ν_sCH₂ frequency are caused by random temporal changes in the relative intensities of these two components.     

On the estimation of the field constant of 35Cl nuclear quadrupole resonance frequency in the series of [R1R2R3AsCl]+M? compounds

The field constant of the NQR frequency of a chlorine atom (³⁵Cl) in a series of arsenic derivatives [R¹R²R³AsCl]⁺M⁻ was estimated from correlations. The field frequency is ∼41.5±3.5 Hz cm kV⁻¹, which is nearly twice as much as that in analogous phosphorus compounds. __________ Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1758–1760, August, 2005.     

Enhancedt −3/2 long-time tail for the stress-stress time correlation function

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics is used to calculate the spectrum of shear viscosity for a Lennard-Jones fluid. The calculated zero-frequency shear viscosity agrees well with experimental argon results for the two state points considered. The low-frequency behavior of shear viscosity is dominated by an ^1/2 cusp. Analysis of the form of this cusp reveals that the stress-stress time correlation function exhibits at ^–3/2 long-time tail. It is shown that for the state points studied, the amplitude of this long-time tail is between 12 and 150 times larger than what has been predicted theoretically. If the low-frequency results are truly asymptotic, they imply that the cross and potential contributions to the Kubo-Green integrand for shear viscosity exhibit at ^–3/2 long-time tail. This result contradicts the established theory of such processes.     

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of metoclopramide in plasma and urine and its application to biopharmaceutical investigations

An optimized HPLC method for the quantification of metoclopramide (MCP) in human plasma and urine is described. MCP and internal standard are extracted from alkalinized substrate into diethyl ether and back-extracted into dilute acid. The analytes are separated with a ternary mobile phase at cyanopropyl-silica and detected at 312 nm (UV detection). The lower limit of quantification is 0.5 ng/ml in plasma and 50 ng/ml in urine. Optimization of extraction, chromatography, and detection is discussed. The method is selective to numerous common drug substances with excellent accuracy and precision data. After validation, the method is applied to the samples of a pharmacokinetic study. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicate the need for a sophisticated method as tool for optimization of metoclopramide formulations.     

Molecular origins of the remarkable chiral sensitivity of second-order nonlinear optics.

Recent observations of remarkably large chiroptical effects in second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) measurements suggest exciting possibilities for the development of new chiral-specific spectroscopies and novel chiral materials for nonlinear optics. Several fundamental studies designed to elucidate the molecular and macromolecular origins of the chiral responses are reviewed to provide a framework for development of this emerging field. In general, the chiral activity in SHG and SFG has the potential to arise from complex interactions between hosts of different competing effects. Fortunately, relatively simple electric dipole-allowed mechanisms routinely dominate the nonlinear optical chiral activities of most practical systemsexpressions can often be generated to link the. This substantial reduction in complexity allows for the development of simple models connecting the macroscopic nonlinear optical response to intuitive molecular and supramolecular properties.     

Ab initio calculations ofp-Cl2C6H4 molecule and its35Cl NQR parameters

Ab initio calculations ofp-dichlorobenzene molecule were carried out using the Hartree-Fock method in the 6–31 G* valence-split basis set. The molecule was also calculated by the MNDO method in the valence sp-basis set for comparison. The populations of the valent p-orbitals of the C and CI atoms were analyzed. The optimized geometry of the molecule as well as its³⁵Cl NQR frequency and the asymmetry parameter of the electric field gradient at the³⁵CI nuclei calculated using the populations of the less diffuse components of the valent p-orbitals of the Cl atoms are in agreement with the corresponding experimental values for the -modification of 1,4-Cl₂C₆H₄.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2177–2179, September, 1996.     

Tunable UV generation at 283 nm by frequency doubling and sum frequency mixing of two semiconductor lasers for the detection of Pb

High resolution atomic absorption measurements of lead at 283 nm in a vapor cell were performed by frequency doubling an 850 nm laser diode to obtain 425 nm light, followed by sum frequency generation of the harmonic radiation with a second 850 nm laser diode.