孔洞裂隙水二维流数值模拟的广义差分法

研究区地下水主要为玄武岩类孔洞裂隙水,水文地质模型概化为各向异性非均质,根据第四系玄武岩承压含水层中地下水的分布特征及流动规律,建立二维非稳定流数学模型,采用广义差分法对其求解.通过研究区井群对模型进行识别、验证.结果表明,计算模型与实际水文地质条件比较接近;计算水位与实测水位相吻合.为城市地下水可持续性管理提供科学理论依据.     

渭河盆地地裂缝发育基本特征

渭河盆地由于其特殊的地质环境,是地裂缝发育较多的地区。本文在渭河盆地地裂缝详细调查的基础上,简要论述了地裂缝的分布概况,详细研究了渭河盆地地裂缝的发育基本特征,并初步探讨了地裂缝的成因。渭河盆地196条地裂缝大都密集分布在断层近侧,与断层走向有明显的一致性和相关性。地裂缝基本特征主要是形态特征和空间分布。地裂缝平面形态有直线、S型和锯齿状;剖面形态为上宽下窄,并逐渐消失;倾角较陡。地裂缝空间分布上有方向性、开启性和网络性。渭河盆地地裂缝主要是构造地裂缝,受构造断裂控制;地下水、地表水、采空和黄土湿陷性只是诱导因素。     

Brittleness of protein crystals

A simple technique for studying the brittleness of small crystals is reported. The limits of fracture toughness of tetragonal hen‐egg white lysozyme crystals, oriented with their c‐axis normally to the substrate, were measured. The strong mechanics anisotropy of those crystals was confirmed. The role of the water present in the protein crystal lattice was re‐considered in seek for a more holistic understanding of the process, the idea being that the intra‐crystalline solution sustains the globular protein molecules in their native configuration. Also it is argued that this water may contribute for holding together the huge bio‐molecules in the crystal lattice (that is to act as additional “glue” in the crystal). The hypothesis is that dynamic chains of H‐bonds in the intra‐crystalline water are likely to be prolonged to connect protein‐to‐water‐to‐protein.     

钢芯弹冲击高强度钢过程的数值模拟分析

 通过材料特性实验获得7.62 mm×39 mm普通钢芯弹弹芯、N-1高强度钢靶板材料的力学本构模型参数,建立了弹体和靶板的精细有限元模型。对靶板钢材的J-C断裂准则进行改进,并在LS-DYNA软件中实现。应用改进的断裂准则进行了N-1钢受普通钢芯弹垂直冲击过程的数值模拟,计算结果可更准确地反映出实验中靶板出现的绝热剪切冲塞行为,冲塞尺寸较接近实验结果,弹道极限速度也与实验吻合。由此克服了基于原J-C断裂准则计算的缺陷——靶板发生与实验结果不符的拉伸型破坏、冲塞尺寸明显偏小。     

Delamination growth of laminated circular plates under in-plane loads and movable boundary conditions

An investigation is made on interlaminar delamination growth of composite laminated circular plates under in-plane loads and movable delamination boundary conditions. A four-dissociated-region model is developed on the basis of von-Karman plate theory. The model is geometrically nonlinear and the laminated circular plate considered is subjected to axisymmetrical delamination. The effects of transverse shear deformation and contact effect of the delamination on the laminated plates are taking into account in the development of the governing equations of the laminated circular pates with random axisymmetrical delamination. The formulas for describing the total energy release rate and its individual mode components along the delamination front are also derived with considerations of Griffith criterion for fracture. Based on the model established, the delamination growth is numerically studied; and the influences of the parameters such as delamination radii and depths, together with material properties of the plates on the energy release rate are analyzed in detail.     

Interface approximation of Darcy flow in a narrow channel

A mixed formulation is introduced for the singular problem of Darcy flow in a porous medium in a region containing a narrow fracture or channel with width and high permeability . The solution converges as ε → 0 to that of Darcy flow coupled to tangential flow on the lower‐dimensional interface or boundary. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of delamination properties of coated conductors by means of MELT method using epoxy resin

Coated conductors (CCs) are prospective for application to electric power conductors due to not only better cost performance but also high J_c–B properties compared with Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀ (BSCCO) tapes. However, CCs are composed of multi-layered thin films and metal substrate, and post-treatments are essential to putting CCs to practical use, which are slitting and/or making thin film multi-filaments. For this reason, CCs delaminate between multi-layers. The delamination prevents CCs from functioning as superconducting wire, and therefore there is a need to evaluate delamination toughness of CCs quantitatively.     

Improved CE/SE scheme with particle level set method for numerical simulation of spall fracture due to high-velocity impact

In the present paper, an Eulerian scheme combined with the hybrid particle level set method for numerical simulation of spall fracture due to high-velocity impact is proposed. An axisymmetric framework is established, based on an improved CE/SE scheme, to solve the high-velocity impact problems with large deformations, high strain rates and spall fractures. The hybrid particle level set method is adopted for tracking material interfaces and describing the formation and propagation of a crack. A novel representation of crack by level set is proposed. Numerical simulations are carried out and compared to the corresponding experimental results. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The edge effects are reproduced and the decrease of scab thickness with increase in impact velocity is observed owing to the numerical analysis. It is proved that our computational technique is feasible and reliable for analyzing the spall fracture.     

Experimental determination of fracture toughness of CFRP by Raman Coating Method

Summary  Strain distribution near the crack tip of Raman-inactive Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) was measured by Raman spectroscopy. A PbO thin film was deposited on the measured surface of the specimen by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The results agree well with those obtained by conventional experimental methods and FEM analysis. The proposed method allows to investigate fracture toughness of Raman-inactive materials. Received 8 December 1999; accepted for publication 28 March 2000     

Effect of molecular orientation on the fracture behavior of carbon black-filled natural rubber compounds

The fracture behavior of carbon black-filled natural rubber compounds, differing in filler content, was studied performing tensile tests in biaxial loading conditions, using a central notched cross-shaped specimen. The test consisted of two steps: a drawing step was initially performed loading the specimen in the direction parallel to the notch plane, up to different draw ratios, and then the specimen was loaded in the direction normal to the notch plane up to fracture. Using a fracture mechanics approach, the fracture toughness was evaluated as a function of the draw ratio applied in the drawing step. A correlation between the fracture phenomenology observed and molecular orientability and orientation was attempted. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1509–1515, 2010