Quantitative measurement of tip-sample forces by dynamic force spectroscopy in ambient conditions

We introduce a dynamic force spectroscopy technique enabling the quantitative measurement of conservative and dissipative tip-sample forces in ambient conditions. In difference to the commonly detected force-vs-distance curves dynamic force microscopy allows to measure the full range of tip-sample forces without hysteresis effects caused by a jump-to-contact. The approach is based on the specific behavior of a self-driven cantilever (frequency-modulation technique). Experimental applications on different samples (Fischer-sample, silicon wafer) are presented.     

对探究影响摩擦力大小因素实验的分析及改进

对传统的影响滑动摩擦力大小因素的实验进行改进,把物块的运动变换成下面木板的运动,并用定滑轮改变拉力的方向.使用改进后的装置不但可以降低操作的难度,还可提高实验的准确性.     

The difference between Newtonian and relativistic forces

This paper discusses a new turn in the 148-year old electrodynamic force law controversy between the 1822 Ampère force law of the Newtonian electrodynamics and Grassmann's 1845 law which has become the electrodynamic force law of relativistic electromagnetism. Faced with the infallibility of Ampère's empirical law, defenders of relativity theory now argue that Ampère's law is equivalent to the relativistic law. This paper demonstrates that, far from being equivalent, the laws require two different mechanics of solid bodies, disagree on internally generated stresses, and predict different force distributions.     

冲击电流计线圈运动状态的分析

简要介绍了冲击电流计的工作原理,分析研究了冲击电流计的偏转线圈在磁场中的运动状态,并运用数理方法和电磁学知识推导出描述各种运动状态的物理表达式,揭示出偏转线圈的运动规律,对于仪器的调节和实验电路的设计具有重要意义.     

环形线负载驱动变曲率反射镜技术

从薄板弹性理论出发,对可实现曲率变化的环形线负载驱动模型进行分析,给出了基于该模型的大镜厚比变曲率反射镜的形变方程.以较小的驱动力实现较大的中心形变为目标,利用MATLAB软件对不同反射镜厚度、驱动环半径下的反射镜形变情况进行模拟计算,结果表明,反射镜厚度范围在2~4 mm之间、驱动环半径数值在反射镜有效半径1/2处最佳.以此为依据,设计并研制了口径为100 mm、厚度为3 mm的铍青铜环形线负载驱动变曲率反射镜结构及原型样片,给出了变曲率反射镜整体结构前10阶的振动模态分析结果.完成装配后,反射镜原型样片的面形精度接近λ/30(λ为波长).对该结构进行极限曲率变化和面形精度保持的验证实验,通过对变曲率反射镜结构进行改进,环形线负载驱动能够实现超过30个波长(632.8 nm)的中心形变,且面形精度的变化与反射镜中心矢高的变化呈弱相关.     

原子力显微镜在生物物理领域的新应用

介绍了原子力显微镜在生物物理领域的最新应用:蛋白质去折叠、DNA拉伸、生物膜受力,通过分析实验得到的力谱,可以获取关于蛋白质、DNA、生物膜结构信息.原子力显微镜不仅能反映测量体系的力学性质,由于其具有独特的时间、空间分辨及实时成像,因而能提供更多信息.     

Piezoelectric properties of diphenylalanine microtubes prepared from the solution

Biomimetic self-assembling peptides form a variety of structures that can be used for the fabrication of functional devices. We are witnessing the emergence of a new era of bionanotechnology that opens up new possibilities for novel electronic, photonic and energy functionalities based on supramolecular green and lightweight structures. In this work, we study the emergent piezoelectric properties of linear dipeptide diphenylalanine (FF) that can self-assemble in the shape of microtubes. The matrix of piezoelectric coefficients is derived for the first time based on the hexagonal symmetry of FF structures and different configurations of the tubes are tested by the advanced Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM). Strong piezoelectric anisotropy of piezoelectric coefficients is explained by the self-assembled structure of FF peptides. Possible applications of piezoelectric microtubes in functional devices are discussed.     

Calculation of acoustical radiation force on microsphere by spherically-focused source

Based on the ray acoustics approach, the trapping effects on a microsphere by an ideally spherically-focused ultrasound are discussed. The acoustical radiation force from a focused ultrasound beam on a spherical particle in a three-dimensional sound field is calculated considering the effect of the attenuation of the ultrasound beam both inside the particle and in the surrounding medium. The results show that as long as the particle is in the range of the ultrasound beam and as long as the appropriate parameters of the transducer are selected, the particle will be captured in the vicinity of the focus of the ultrasound beam. Also, the particle radius and different parameters of the transducer are analyzed for their affect on the radiation force.     

几种吊钩中的力学问题探析

对吊装机械中使用的几种吊钩在吊装重物时的受力情况进行分析和比较,说明了各自的特点及其应用.     

The secondary Bjerknes force between two gas bubbles under dual-frequency acoustic excitation

The secondary Bjerknes force is one of the essential mechanisms of mutual interactions between bubbles oscillating in a sound field. The dual-frequency acoustic excitation has been applied in several fields such as sonochemistry, biomedicine and material engineering. In this paper, the secondary Bjerknes force under dual-frequency excitation is investigated both analytically and numerically within a large parameter zone. The unique characteristics (i.e., the complicated patterns of the parameter zone for sign change and the combination resonances) of the secondary Bjerknes force under dual-frequency excitation are revealed. Moreover, the influence of several parameters (e.g., the pressure amplitude, the bubble distance and the phase difference between sound waves) on the secondary Bjerknes force is also investigated numerically.