Accuracies and conservation errors of various ghost fluid methods for multi-medium Riemann problem

Since the (original) ghost fluid method (OGFM) was proposed by Fedkiw et al. in 1999 [5], a series of other GFM-based methods such as the gas–water version GFM (GWGFM), the modified GFM (MGFM) and the real GFM (RGFM) have been developed subsequently. Systematic analysis, however, has yet to be carried out for the various GFMs on their accuracies and conservation errors. In this paper, we develop a technique to rigorously analyze the accuracies and conservation errors of these different GFMs when applied to the multi-medium Riemann problem with a general equation of state (EOS). By analyzing and comparing the interfacial state provided by each GFM to the exact one of the original multi-medium Riemann problem, we show that the accuracy of interfacial treatment can achieve “third-order accuracy” in the sense of comparing to the exact solution of the original mutli-medium Riemann problem for the MGFM and the RGFM, while it is of at most “first-order accuracy” for the OGFM and the GWGFM when the interface approach is actually near in balance. Similar conclusions are also obtained in association with the local conservation errors. A special test method is exploited to validate these theoretical conclusions from the numerical viewpoint.     

Stability analysis of a Maxwell fluid in a porous medium heated from below

Based on a modified-Darcy–Brinkman–Maxwell model, stability analysis of a horizontal layer of Maxwell fluid in a porous medium heated from below is performed. By solving the eigenvalue problems, the critical Rayleigh number, wave number and frequency for overstability are determined. It is found that the critical Rayleigh number for overstability decreases as the relaxation time increases and the elasticity of a Maxwell fluid has a destabilizing effect on the fluid layer in porous media. On the other hand, the critical Rayleigh number for overstability increases by increasing the porous parameter which acts to stabilize the system. In limiting cases, some previous results for viscoelastic fluids in nonporous media are recovered from our results.     

KB scanning of X‐ray beam for Laue microdiffraction on accelero‐phobic samples: application to in situ mechanically loaded nanowires

A mapping technique has been developed where a sub‐micrometer focused polychromatic X‐ray beam is scanned across a stationary sample instead of scanning the sample in front of the X‐ray microbeam. This method is applied to a gold nanowire during its mechanical loading using the tip of an atomic force microscope. During the loading process, such a sample is `accelero‐phobic', i.e. the sample scanning stages must not to be moved to avoid parasitic additional load. Without beam scanning, only one single position within the sample can be probed during the test. The probed material point may even change because of drifts or movements induced by the test itself. The new scanning approach facilitates the in situ mapping of the entire wire giving access to the evolution of the wire shape as well as to the boundary conditions. This novel scanning technique opens promising perspectives for studies where sample motion is forbidden because of the sample environment.     

EQUATION OF STATE OF FLUID He+H2 MIXTURES UNDER HIGH PRESSURE

A statistical mechanical variational theory and an improved van der Waals one-fluid model have been used to compute the equation of state of fluid He+H₂ mixtures with different H₂:He compositions under high pressure. The first-order quantum correction is included. Comparing the present results with Monte Carlo simulations indicates that the quantum corrections for calculating the thermodynamic properties become increasingly important at lower temperatures.     

在“画法几何及机械制图”课程教学中如何培养学生的能力

本文从高等教育必须加强学生各种能力培养的观点出发，阐述了在“画法几何及机械制图”课程教学活动中如何培养大学生的自学能力、空间想象能力、逻辑思维能力、读图和绘图能力的途径和方法上所作的探索和体会。     

HIPS／PP熔融反应共混及其动态力学性质

研究了高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）／聚丙烯（PP）共混物在过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）存在下的熔融反应过程及其动态力学性质．HIPS在DCP存在下以聚苯乙烯（PS）的降解为主，伴随着聚丁二烯（PB）的交联和接枝，PP在DCP存在下以降解为主，HIPS／PP在DCP存在下以PP同HIPS的反应接枝为主，这种原位生成的增容剂显著地改善了HIPS／PP两组份间的相容性，其分子运动特征较前两者发生明显变化，PS的Tg下降，PB和PP的Tg升高．     

由聚苯胺粒子组成的电流变液的研究

由经碱处理的掺杂态聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）制得高介电常数的半导体ＰＡｎ粒子，将其悬浮于电绝缘油可组成电流变液，讨论了电流变（ＥＲ）液的静态屈服应力（τ＿ｓ），电流密度等性能与ＰＡｎ的介电常数（ε＿ｐ），导电率（σ），体积分数和应用电场强度的关系。对导电率相同的ＰＡｎ粒子，用氨水处理的ＰＡｎ粒子ε＿ｐ较用ＮａＯＨ液处理的高，前者在σ足够低如σ≤１．０×１０￣（－７）／ｃｍ时，ＥＲ液的τ＿ｓ随偶极系数的平方（β￣２）的增大而呈现非线性增加；后者ＥＲ液的τ＿ｓ随β￣２的增大出现一最大值．结果表明：由聚苯胺粒子可组成高电流变活性的无水ＥＲ液．     

色谱技术在中药指纹图谱研究中的应用

 介绍了气相色谱、高效液相色谱、超临界流体色谱和高速逆流色谱等几种色谱技术在中药指纹图谱研究中的应用现状,以及使用模糊聚类分析和人工神经网络分析指纹图谱对中药进行模式识别和质量鉴定的方法。     

多电极CFRP-OFBG传感筋的力学性能和传感特性试验研究

为探索CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic,碳纤维增强复合材料)筋的线性度、重复性、灵敏度等传感特性,采用CFRP筋表面开槽后嵌入OFBG(Optical Fiber Bragg Grating,光纤布拉格光栅传感器)的封装方法,通过静力拉伸试验和等幅循环拉伸试验分析对比了由OFBG...     

橡胶粉对PVA-ECC力学性能影响研究

为研究橡胶粉对聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料(PVA-ECC)力学性能的影响,以掺入了橡胶粉的PVA-ECC为研究对象,对其强度和压缩韧性进行试验研究,并采用扫描电镜对橡胶粉表面微观形貌进行分析。研究参数包括橡胶粉掺量、改性方式及粒径。试验结果表明:相对于基准试件,橡胶粉掺量为5%时,试件抗压强度提高了6%;掺量为10%时,试件抗压强度基本相等,压缩韧性指标有所提高;橡胶粉掺量较低时,试件呈现多裂缝失效模式,延性相对于基准试件有一定提高;橡胶粉粒径及处理方式对试件力学性能影响不大。因此,采用掺量低于10%的水洗橡胶粉制备PVA-ECC能提高其抗压强度、压缩韧性及延性,且更易制备。