Flux of a Ratchet Model and Applications to Processive Motor Proteins

In this paper, we investigate the stationary probability current (or flux) of a Brownian ratchet model as a function of the flipping rate of the fluctuating potential barrier. It is shown that, with suitably selecting the parameters' values of the ratchet system, we can get the negative resonant activation, the positive resonant activation, the double resonant activation, and the current reversal, for the stationary probability current versus the flipping rate. The appearance of these phenomena is the result of the cooperative effects of the potential's dichotomous fluctuations and the internal thermal fluctuations on the evolution of the flux versus the flipping rate of the fluctuating potential barrier. In addition, some applications of our results to the motor proteins are discussed.     

强脉动压力下飞行器随机振动分析算法与并行实现

以飞行器再入大气层过程中承受多点强相关脉动压力下的随机振动分析为研究背景,从自由体模态分析入手,考虑脉动压力之间的强相关性,建立自由体动力学方程并推导刚-弹模态耦合作用下的随机振动理论,完成算法设计并在自主并行软件平台PANDA中进行代码实现,通过典型飞行器算例开展正确性验证和应用研究.研究表明:飞行器再入过程的刚体运...     

Fluctuating Diffusivity of RNA-Protein Particles: Analogy with Thermodynamics

A formal analogy of fluctuating diffusivity to thermodynamics is discussed for messenger RNA molecules fluorescently fused to a protein in living cells. Regarding the average value of the fluctuating diffusivity of such RNA-protein particles as the analog of the internal energy, the analogs of the quantity of heat and work are identified. The Clausius-like inequality is shown to hold for the entropy associated with diffusivity fluctuations, which plays a role analogous to the thermodynamic entropy, and the analog of the quantity of heat. The change of the statistical fluctuation distribution is also examined from a geometric perspective. The present discussions may contribute to a deeper understanding of the fluctuating diffusivity in view of the laws of thermodynamics.     

Effect of Allowance for Small‐Scale Perturbations of the Carrier Phase on Properties of the System of Equations of a Two‐Fluid Flow with Incompressible Phases

The effect of the fluctuating components of kinetic energy and stress tensor of the carrier phase, which were previously obtained by the cell technique, on the properties of the system of equations of a gas–liquid flow with incompressible phases is considered. It is shown that the characteristic properties of this system and also the possibility of modeling the Zuber–Findlay empirical relation are determined by the tensor of fluctuating stresses of the carrier phase.     

双稳杜芬振子的随机共振及其动力学机制

把矩方法应用于高斯白噪声和弱周期信号驱动的双稳杜芬振子,发现矩方法的收敛快慢与阻尼系数的大小有关,即在固定非线性参数的前提下,阻尼系数越大,收敛速度越快。在阻尼系数较大的情形,对于不同频率的弱周期输入信号,系统输出功率谱增益因子的演化防噪声强度呈单峰或双峰结构,亦即对于不同的激励频率,系统可表现出单峰或者重峰随机共振结构。为了解释这些共振结构,通过考察由波动谱密度定义的非零频率峰对噪声强度依赖性,发现重峰随机共振的发生在于噪声一方面抑制了井内运动,另一方面诱发了势垒上振动。研究结果为已有结论的修正,在统计力学等方面具有显著意义。     

横向振动方柱波动升力实验研究

本文对均匀流中静止方柱和横向强迫振动的方柱进行了实验研究。实验雷诺数范围为 3×10~3～10~4,振幅与柱截面宽度之比 A/D 达到0.7,实验折合速度范围为 4.5≤V_r≤12。文章重点研究了较高振幅振动柱的锁定现象、波动升力与柱位移之间的相位变化,讨论了方柱涡激振荡、驰振和气动稳定性问题。对流场进行的流动显示,清晰地显示出锁定区涡脱落过程、近尾迹流场随振动频率和振幅的演化规律,从而对振动柱波动升力与相位变化的物理机制获得进一步认识。     

沙岭子电厂冷却塔群风荷载的风洞研究

本文通过风洞实验研究了沙岭子电厂接近直线布置的四个双曲线型冷却塔在主导风向和最大风速风向角下的平均压力和脉动压力分布。研究结果表明:在较大风向角时,主要由于塔群间的邻近作用,使塔面最小平均风压系数绝对值有所增加,对塔面的脉动压力分布影响较小;在较小风向角时,主要由于上游塔的尾流影响,使下游塔塔面的平均压力分布变化较大,特别是脉动压力,与孤立塔相比可增大几倍。同时,塔群影响使得下游塔压力谱中能量分布相对集中,其峰值频率较孤立塔有成倍的提高。     

Assessment of the SSG pressure-strain model in two-dimensional turbulent separated flows

Data from a number of benchmark two-dimensional turbulent separated flows are used to assess the performance of the Speziale, Sarkar and Gatski model [28] for the fluctuating pressure-strain correlations and, in particular, to determine whether the model can reproduce the effects of rigid boundaries without recourse to ad-hoc corrections. Comparative predictions are also obtained with a standard Reynolds-stress closure in which such correlations are necessary and these serve to distinguish the models' true performance from spurious computational artifacts. The models were implemented in a finite-volume method which solves the Navier-Stokes equations on non-orthogonal grids with colocated storage arrangement. Details of the numerical treatments adopted to obtain stable and fast-converging solutions are described and the outcome of rigorous grid-independence checks are reported for each test case. It is found that both models yield essentially similar results for the mean flow and turbulence fields. The implications of this result to the choice of Reynolds-stress closure for complex engineering simulations are discussed.     

The singularity analysis of the stress and strain fields for Mode I fracture in elastic-plastic state

The stress and strain singularities of power hardening material for Mode I fracrure are analysed according to the fundamental equations of elastic-plastic mechanics. It is found that the singularities of all stress and strain components do not change in the thick direction, and neither the six stress components nor the six strain components have the same singularity.     

掺气分流墩墩头的动水压强特性研究

对掺气分流墩墩头的动水压强特性进行了试验研究,以求了解墩头的抗空蚀性能及动水压强特性。试验结果得出：时均压强P／Pman沿墩高和Cp沿横断面的分布规律;墩头轴线与来流有夹角时Cp沿横断面的分布规律;墩头壁压脉动压强特性,在墩后充分供气时,墩头的空化特性。