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131.
132.
Ryohei Hanayama Kenichi Hibino Shin’ichi Warisawa Mamoru Mitsuishi 《Optical Review》2004,11(5):337-343
Wavelength scanned interferometry allows the simultaneous measurement of top surface shape and optical thickness variation of a transparent object consisting of several parallel surfaces. Interference signals from these surfaces can be separated in frequency space, and their phases are detected by discrete Fourier analysis. However, these signal frequencies are shifted from the detection frequency by the refractive index dispersion of the object and a nonlinearity of the wavelength scanning. The Fourier analysis is sensitive to the detuning of the signal frequency and suffers from the multiple-beam interference noise. Conventional error-compensating algorithms cannot be applied to an object consisting of more than three reflecting surfaces. We derive a new 2N-1 sample error-compensating algorithm, which allows the phase detection of any order of harmonic frequency among the interference signals. The new algorithm suppresses the effect of signal frequency detuning as well as the multiple-beam interference noise and can be applied to the measurement of complex objects consisting of more than three reflecting surfaces. 相似文献
133.
Malte Kob 《Applied Acoustics》2004,65(12):1249-1259
Overtone singing, also called biphonic singing, xöömij or chant diphonique in french; is a special singing style that exhibits two or more separate sounds - one “drone” sound of relatively low pitch and one or more high pitch melody sounds. The perceived pitches of the upper tones are multiples of the drone sound, i.e. taken from its overtone scale. Compared to voiced sounds of western style singers, the relative amplitude of the melody pitches is quite high, and the formant bandwidth of overtone sounds is small. This paper tries to answer the question of how these formant properties are achieved. Experimental investigations and numerical calculations prove the existence of two closely neighboured formants for the production of the melody sound in the sygyt style. 相似文献
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Differential FBG sensor for temperature-compensated high-pressure (or displacement) measurement 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A differential fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor with a free active element bulk-modulus for high-pressure (or displacement) measurement is presented. Based on the differential measurement method and an isosceles triangle cantilever structure, problems of cross-sensitivity and chirped signal in FBG sensor are improved both theoretically and experimentally. Preliminary experiments indicate that temperature-compensated measurement results agree well with the theoretical analysis. Displacement measurement sensitivity is 1.75 pm/μm, and the estimated pressure measurement resolution can reach 0.27 MPa in case the wavelength shift measurement resolution is 0.01 nm. 相似文献
138.
Periodica Mathematica Hungarica - Let X 1,X 2,... be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables, and put % MATHTYPE!MTEF!2!1!+-%... 相似文献
139.
Petr Lachout 《Acta Appl Math》2003,78(1-3):243-250
The paper introduces an extension of the epi-convergence, the lower semicontinuous approximation and the epi-upper semicontinuous approximation of random real functions in distribution. The new notions could be helpful tools for sensitivity analyzes of stochastic optimization problems. The research is evoked by S. Vogel and continues the research started by Vogel and the author. 相似文献
140.
Image potential resonances on the Sn/Ge(1 1 1) α-phase are investigated by two closely related methods: specular electron reflection and so-called selective electron scattering. Electrons from image resonances are detected on this surface at 120 and 300 K, i.e. below and above the phase transition at about 200 K. The dispersion of the image resonances reveals at these two temperatures equivalent effective electron masses, which are characteristic for this type of electronic surface states. The results of the two methods are consistent according to the similarity of the scattering processes. Changes in the loss peak intensity with the annealing temperature are assigned to the surface quality and are reflected by characteristic photoemission intensities. 相似文献