DISPLACEMENT CALCULATION FOR STRAIGHT BAR WITH VARIABLE STIFFNESS BASED ON GRAPH MULTIPLICATION METHOD1)

为解决图乘法计算变截面杆件位移时分割图形数目多,计算容易出错这一问题,提出了一种刚度折算的方法,把长度已知的变截面杆件等价转换为两个一定长度的等截面杆件,通过刚度与位移的关系进行折算,然后叠加即可得到正确结果。可显著减少图乘次数,降低计算量,提高计算效率和正确率,值得推广。     

应变率对光圆钢筋与混凝土“粘结-滑移”行为影响的实验研究

为研究应变率对钢筋与混凝土界面粘结性能的影响,利用高速拉伸试验机进行了光圆钢筋的动态拔出实验。通过合理设计加载夹具和测试方法,得到不同应变率下光圆钢筋的“粘结-滑移”全程曲线。实验结果表明:随着应变率的增大,钢筋-混凝土界面的粘结强度显著提高,且界面失效形式由拔出失效为主转变为混凝土试件的破裂破坏为主;粘结强度的动态增强因子(fDIF)随应变率的增长斜率明显可以分为低应变率和高应变率两个区段。低应变率下,fDIF 增长较为缓慢;而高应变率下,fDIF快速增长;转变应变率约为33 s^-1。     

Experiments on transonic limit-cycle-flutter of a flexible swept wing

The aeroelastic behavior of wing models is nonlinear particularly in the transonic speed range. The interaction between aerodynamic and structural forces can lead to the occurrence of Limit-Cycle Oscillations (LCOs). If in addition the wing model is flexible and backward swept, the kinematic coupling between bending and torsion makes the situation even more complex.In the research project “Aerostabil” such a wing was investigated, which was equipped with pressure transducers in three sections and accelerometers. The experiments were performed in the adaptive test section of the transonic wind tunnel TWG in Göttingen. Already Dietz et al. (2003) have reported about experimental details and preliminary results. Based on these data Bendiksen (2008) studied numerically LCO-flutter behavior using a very similar, theoretical model (G-wing) and Stickan et al. (2014) used the original data as a LCO flutter test case. The influence of flexibility on the steady aerodynamics of the wing was described in Schewe & Mai (2018). In this paper now the flutter experiments with the same flexible model were analyzed systematically in the transonic range 0.84 <Ma <0.89 and for six angles of attack from 1.46°to 2.7°. Maps of stability, LCO amplitudes and instantaneous pressure distributions are presented. It was found that unstable regions are islands, whose extent depends on the angle of attack. A LCO test case, already treated in the literature is examined in more detail. The analysis of the time functions showed that during LCO-flutter the motion induced aerodynamic sectional lift forces particularly in the outer wing are asymmetric and thus acting as amplitude limiter. The reason for the asymmetry lies in the shock/boundary layer interaction. The test case, containing the stages of built-up and the transition to the limit cycle provides an excellent opportunity for improving our knowledge about LCOs and for code validation purposes.     

由Gurtin变分原理求解策动力下一维动力学初值问题的半解析法

基于Gurtin变分原理,以梁为对象研究了在策动力下动力学初值问题的半解析解法。该方法在空间域作有限元离散,在时间域上取级数。     

Cell theory and equation‐of‐state of chain molecular systems: Application to polymer solids

We use the Lennard‐Jones and Devonshire cell theory without any ad hoc simplification of the cell potential to obtain the equation‐of‐state (EOS) for chain molecular systems. The interactions of the central segment with second and third shells of neighbors are taken into account. Numerical values of the cell integrals are given in tabular form along with interpolation expressions that cover the range of PVT variables appropriate to polymers. Results of comparison with EOS based on square‐well form are also discussed. Application of the theory to polymer glasses of diverse structures is found to be quite successful in explaining the PVT behavior over a wide range of temperatures both at atmospheric and elevated pressures. Further, scaled volume at the glass‐transition temperature is discovered to be a corresponding state property. Turning to crystals, the theory is generally in good accordance with the PVT data of three well‐studied polymers both at atmospheric and elevated pressures. For linear polyethylene the agreement is good up to 42 kbar for the room‐temperature isotherm. On the other hand, at higher temperatures where the data are limited to 5 kbar, the agreement is determined to be satisfactory for the three polymers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 515–530, 2001     

Harmonic modes as variables to approximately account for receptor flexibility in ligand–receptor docking simulations: Application to DNA minor groove ligand complex

An approach to approximately account for receptor flexibility in ligand–receptor docking simulations is described and applied to a DNA/Hoechst 33258 analogue complex. Harmonic modes corresponding to eigenvectors with small eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix of the potential energy function were used as independent variables to describe receptor flexibility. For the DNA minor groove ligand case most of the conformational difference between an energy minimized free DNA and ligand-bound structure could be assigned to 5–40 harmonic receptor modes with small eigenvalues. During docking, deformations of the DNA receptor structure in the subset of harmonic modes were limited using a simple penalty function that avoided the summation over all intrareceptor atom pairs. Significant improvement of the sterical fit between ligand and receptor was found upon relaxation of the DNA in the subset of harmonic modes after docking of the ligand at the position found in the known crystal structure. In addition, the harmonic mode relaxation resulted in DNA structures that were more similar to the energy minimized ligand-bound form. Although harmonic mode relaxation also leads to improved sterical fit for other ligand placements, the placement as observed in the crystal structure could still be identified as the site with the most favorable sterical interactions. Because relaxation in the harmonic modes is orders of magnitude faster than conventional energy minimization using all atom coordinates as independent variables, the approach might be useful as a preselection tool to recognize ligand binding sites accessible only upon small conformational changes of the receptor. The harmonic mode relaxed structures can only be considered as approximate structures because deformation of the receptor in the harmonic modes can lead to small perturbations of the stereochemical geometry of the molecule. Energy minimization of preselected ligand–DNA docking candidates in all atom coordinates is required to reduce these deviations. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 287–300, 1999     

基于局部模态的约束子结构模型修正法

针对局部子结构为修正对象的情况提出了约束子结构修正法,实现只利用整体结构模态中对应子结构部分的模态即可以修正子结构模型.由脉冲响应结合特征系统实现法识别出子结构的低阶模态;结合识别的模态和整体结构理论模型的高阶模态构造整体结构对应子结构位置的柔度矩阵;利用柔度矩阵的物理意义,在子结构的边界上施加数值支座,把子结构从整体结构中隔离出来成为约束子结构,同时构造出约束子结构的柔度矩阵;利用灵敏度的方法根据构造出的约束子结构柔度矩阵,优化修正约束子结构,即间接等效地修正子结构模型.通过一个平面桁架结构验证了约束子结构模型修正法的可行性与有效性,即使在5%或10%的噪声影响下,仍能得到满意的修正结果.     

基于有限单元柔度法的材料与几何双重非线性空间梁柱单元

从有限单元柔度法的基本思想出发,基于完全拉格朗日格式(TL格式),建立了能考虑材料与几何双重非线性的一般化空间梁柱单元,适用于满足Euler-Bernoulli梁柱二阶分析理论假定的空间杆系结构非线性分析。另外,在梁柱单元截面分析中引入纤维模型,使其适用于解决钢筋混凝土这类复合材料结构的非线性分析问题。对钢筋混凝土双向偏心受压柱试验结果的模拟分析表明,本文所提方法是正确、可靠的,能有效地分析钢筋混凝土框架柱的材料与几何双重非线性问题。     

弯折波导杆的超声斜入射方法*

波导杆技术是一种有效的超声辅助检测方法,在提升高温关键承压设备安全运行方面具有重要作用。现有的波导换能器因直入式发射声波,常被用来在线监测壁厚的腐蚀进程,难以对指定方向的缺陷进行有效检测。为了解决这个难题,基于斯涅耳定理以及导波的频散特性提出了一种弯折结构的波导杆来实现超声斜入射。首先分析了弯折波导杆中水平剪切波的传播特性,探究了波导杆的厚度、弯折角度对杆中声波传播的影响规律;然后,进一步研究了弯折波导杆在半无限空间内的声束指向性;最后通过一对弯折波导杆在线检测结构内部缺陷的试验证明了波导超声斜入射的应用价值。研究结果为基于斜入射技术的波导超声在线监测提供了坚实的理论基础。     

炮钢材料等离子淬火后动态力学性能研究

为提高炮钢材料在较高冲击作用下的动态力学性能,采用等离子淬火技术对炮钢材料进行表面处理,并使用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)系统对原始炮钢材料与等离子淬火后的炮钢材料进行对比分析,方法为对两种试样在试验前后的长度压缩量以及二者在不同应变率下的动态应力-应变曲线进行比较。结果表明,随着应变率的增加两种试样的应力-应变关系、屈服强度都有不同程度的强化效应,都表现出一定的应变率敏感性;在相同气压下两种试样在长度方向上都产生了一定的塑性变形,但淬火试样的压缩量明显小于原始试样。并且气压相同时试样经过等离子淬火后其抗冲击性能有显著提升,具体表现为应变与应变率降低,屈服强度与极限强度升高。