Modeling of transverse shears of piecewise homogeneous composite bars using an iterative process with account of tangential loads

A nonclassical model for the stress-strain state of a piecewise homogeneous composite bar is proposed. The model is based on an iterative process and takes into account the deplanation of cross sections of the bar caused by transverse shears. Based on the shear strains of some particular approximation, higher approximation models are constructed. The model accounts for both the normal and tangential loads.Presented at the 11th International Conference on Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, June 11–15, 2000).Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 487–500, July–August, 2000.     

Torsional split Hopkinson bar tests at strain rates above 104s−1

The torsional split Hopkinson bar is used for testing materials at strain rates above 10⁴s⁻¹. This strain rate, which is an order of magnitude higher than is typical with this technique, is obtained by using very short specimens. Strain rates of 6.4×10⁴s⁻¹ have been achieved with specimens having a gage length of 0.1524 mm. Results from tests on 1100 aluminum show an increase in rate sensitivity as the strain rate increases.     

Molecular modeling study of an abasic DNA undecamer duplex: d(GCGTGOGTGCG) · d(CGCACTCACGC)

Molecular mechanics calculations were performed with the JUMNA program on d(GCGTGOGTGCG) · d(CGCACTCACGC) where “O” is a modified abasic site: 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran. From energy minimizations, for intrahelical or extrahelical positions of the unpaired thymine, various structures with different curvatures were obtained. Dynamical properties of this abasic sequence were also investigated through the controlled studies of DNA bending. Poisson-Boltzmann calculations were used to mimic the electrostatic effect of solvent on this sequence. The lowest energy structures show an acceptable agreement with experimental data. Received: 1 June 1998 / Accepted: 17 September 1998 / Published online: 10 December 1998     

层状地基中的单桩沉降分析

本文利用薄层法得出层状地基在内、外部荷载作用下的位移格林函数,并由此结果求得层状地基的柔度矩阵。在此基础上,文中利用子结构法分析单桩的沉降问题,并与工程实测进行了比较,二者较为一致,说明了本文方法的有效性。     

框架非线性分析的新梁柱单元

目前尚缺乏能在高轴力作用下简便地用于有限元分析的梁柱单元,本文所提出的单元运算简例,能以统一形式同时用于轴力P为拉（正）及压（负）的情况并在－3．8小于等于P／P,＜∞（P为杆的欧拉临界力）的范围内有极高的精度,实际上和作为精确解的稳定函数的精度相同,但能免除 稳定函数的精度相同,但能免除稳定函数需对轴力对拉,压及为零时采用三套不同公式的缺点,因此,该单元可用于所有实际框架结构的非线性分析,只需取一根杆件为一个单元,并且可简便地植入现有框架非线性分析程序中,文中还一些典型算例的分析结果,论证了单元的正确,高效和广泛适用性。     

一种新型的高次多结点薄壁杆件单元

应用Hermite插值多项式以及最小势能原理导出了一种新型的高次多结点薄壁杆件单元,这种单元的特点是精度高,并可应用于桥梁、高层建筑巨型结构的有限元分析中.     

搅拌棒吸附子萃取与GC-MS法测定水中20种有机氯农药

建立了搅拌棒吸附子萃取/气相色谱-质谱法(SBSE/GC-MS)同时检测水中α-六六六、γ-六六六、β-六六六、七氯、δ-六六六、艾氏剂、环氧七氯、γ-氯丹、顺-氯丹、硫丹Ⅰ、p,p-滴滴伊、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、p,p-滴滴滴、硫丹Ⅱ、p,p-滴滴涕、异狄氏剂醛、硫丹硫酸盐、甲氧滴滴涕、异狄氏剂酮20种有机氯农药含量的方法.样品在室温下经拌棒吸附子搅拌吸附,甲醇解吸附后,以J&W DB-35 MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)石英毛细管色谱柱为分析柱,气相色谱-质谱选择离子流模式检测.考察了萃取时间、氯化钠及甲醇加入量等对萃取的影响.实验结果表明:在2.5 ～20.0 μg/L 范围内,20种有机氯农药呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为0.008 ～0.118 μg/L,水样中分别添加2.5、20 μg/L的20种有机氯农药,回收率为 52% ～117%,相对标准偏差小于13%(n= 6).该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,应用于实际样品检测,结果满意.     

溶胶凝胶法制备固相微萃取搅拌棒

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一种新型PDMS固定相，键合于固相微萃取搅拌棒玻璃表面作为固相萃取固定相。PDMS的一部分以键合的方式与凝胶网络结合，而另外一部分则是被凝胶网络所包埋。由于萃取固定相涂层的厚度在30μm以上，采用多阶程序升温方式对固定相进行老化避免涂层龟裂，制备的萃取固定相耐温达到300℃。     

A 21st century technique for food control: Electronic noses

This work examines the main features of modern electronic noses (e-noses) and their most important applications in food control in this new century. The three components of an electronic nose (sample handling system, detection system, and data processing system) are described. Special attention is devoted to the promising mass spectrometry based e-noses, due to their advantages over the more classical gas sensors. Applications described include process monitoring, shelf-life investigation, freshness evaluation, authenticity assessment, as well as other general aspects of the utilization of electronic noses in food control. Finally, some interesting remarks concerning the strengths and weaknesses of electronic noses in food control are also mentioned.     

应用搅拌棒吸附萃取-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱测定烟叶和茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

应用搅拌棒吸附萃取(SBSE)技术分别萃取烟叶和茶叶中的5种拟除虫菊酯,并利用热脱附系统将萃取到的物质进行热脱附,然后通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行分析测定。实验过程中对影响SBSE的因素及影响热脱附的条件进行了优化。在优化条件下,采用外标法分别对烟叶和茶叶中的5种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留进行了定量分析。结果表明,烟叶中5种拟除虫菊酯的检出限范围为3.3~11.4 ng,加标回收率为94.8%~103.4%,6次测定的相对标准偏差（RSD）为5.3%~8.6%;茶叶中5种拟除虫菊酯的检出限范围为4.2~10.5 ng,加标回收率为98.2%~110.1%,6次测定的RSD为5.0%~9.6%。实验证明该法具有较高的准确度、灵敏度和较好的重现性,可用于烟叶和茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的快速分析测定。