The spectrum of Nd in rare earth orthoaluminates. The trigonal to orthorhombic transition study of the level

Some structural and spectroscopic features of rare earth orthoaluminates are examined.The trigonal→ orthorhombic transition is studied in a series of Nd_xSm_1−xAlO₃ compounds. The evolution of the crystal structure is followed by X-ray analysis and optical absorption. The free ion and crystal field parameters of Nd³⁺ (4f³ configuration) are determined in LuAlO₃:Nd³⁺.The anomaly of the calculated splitting of the levels is slight, but well characterized in NdAlO₃. The spin correlated crystal field and orbitally correlated crystal field models are tested as well as an empirical correction which was proposed earlier.     

杆型SFRFQ结构的研究

RFO加速结构是一种非常巧妙的低能强流加速结构,但是它存在能量上限问题.而杆型SFRFQ加速结构是一种改进的无反场的SFRFQ结构.对分离作用杆型RFQ加速结构在能量增益和横向稳定性两个方面进行了研究,最后还和光阑型SFRFQ结构进行了一些简单的比较 关键词： 能量上限问题 RFQ 杆型SFRFQ 反场 光阑型SFRFQ     

软X射线条纹相机用于激光等离子体辐射温度的测量方法

本文提出了软X射线条纹相机与吸收膜相耦合测量等离子体温度的实验原理与方法,编制了数值计算程序SCC,给出了平面金靶在1.06μm激光(LF—II~=激光装置)作用下,靶面功率密度约10~(14)W/cm~2的辐射温度。并对温度处理中存在的误差,以及把此方法推广到能谱的时间分辨和温度的空间分辨测量中的可能性进行了讨论。     

多光轴光学系统光轴平行度野外试验方法

基于激光测距的基本原理及激光能量分布情况，利用测距的方法进行对角度的测量，在野外全系统工作状态下，实现了多光轴系统平行度的测试，并对该方法的测试精度进行了分析。     

控制强度对Bragg光学双稳系统混沌控制的影响

对Bragg光学双稳系统的混沌态提出位相延时反馈的控制方法 ,用数值方法研究了该系统的混沌态在控制强度调制下的动力学行为。结果表明 ,控制强度的取值不同可以使受控系统的状态呈现多种演化模式 ,调节控制强度值不断增加 ,能够有效地将受控系统稳定在所需的周期态和不动点上     

非线性耦合标量场方程显式解析解的研究

利用两种不同的变换,获得了一类非线性耦合标量场方程的若干类型的精确解析解,其中包括孤子解、奇性孤波解和三角函数解,从而丰富了方程解的内容。这些结论可以应用于其它的非线性方程。此外还纠正了一些文献的部分结论。     

Stable single longitudinal mode fiber ring laser based on polarization maintaining erbium doped fiber

A stable single longitudinal mode (SLM) fiber ring laser that incorporates polarization maintaining erbium doped fiber (PM EDF) acting as gain medium and saturable absorber is proposed and demonstrated. Both theoretical deviation and experimental result prove that optical intensity is time invariant when the laser operates in single longitudinal mode, the SLM operation can be approximately verified by optical intensity analysis, which is practical to analyze longitudinal mode in the application of engineering. The linewidth of the fiber ring laser is measured by the delayed self-heterodyne interferometery, and an acousto-optic frequency shifter is employed to shift the lasing frequency and eliminate zero frequency interfere. The SLM operation is verified by the scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer, whereas the lasing frequency drift slowly during a period of 2 h, PM EDF is proved to be effective on suppressing mode hopping and selecting longitudinal mode.     

Ultrasound line-by-line scanning method of spatial–temporal active cavitation mapping for high-intensity focused ultrasound

This paper presented an ultrasound line-by-line scanning method of spatial–temporal active cavitation mapping applicable in a liquid or liquid filled tissue cavities exposed by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Scattered signals from cavitation bubbles were obtained in a scan line immediately after one HIFU exposure, and then there was a waiting time of 2 s long enough to make the liquid back to the original state. As this pattern extended, an image was built up by sequentially measuring a series of such lines. The acquisition of the beamformed radiofrequency (RF) signals for a scan line was synchronized with HIFU exposure. The duration of HIFU exposure, as well as the delay of the interrogating pulse relative to the moment while HIFU was turned off, could vary from microseconds to seconds. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated in tap-water and a tap-water filled cavity in the tissue-mimicking gelatin–agar phantom as capable of observing temporal evolutions of cavitation bubble cloud with temporal resolution of several microseconds, lateral and axial resolution of 0.50 mm and 0.29 mm respectively. The dissolution process of cavitation bubble cloud and spatial distribution affected by cavitation previously generated were also investigated. Although the application is limited by the requirement for a gassy fluid (e.g. tap water, etc.) that allows replenishment of nuclei between HIFU exposures, the technique may be a useful tool in spatial–temporal cavitation mapping for HIFU with high precision and resolution, providing a reference for clinical therapy.     

Multiplicative intrinsic component optimization (MICO) for MRI bias field estimation and tissue segmentation

This paper proposes a new energy minimization method called multiplicative intrinsic component optimization (MICO) for joint bias field estimation and segmentation of magnetic resonance (MR) images. The proposed method takes full advantage of the decomposition of MR images into two multiplicative components, namely, the true image that characterizes a physical property of the tissues and the bias field that accounts for the intensity inhomogeneity, and their respective spatial properties. Bias field estimation and tissue segmentation are simultaneously achieved by an energy minimization process aimed to optimize the estimates of the two multiplicative components of an MR image. The bias field is iteratively optimized by using efficient matrix computations, which are verified to be numerically stable by matrix analysis. More importantly, the energy in our formulation is convex in each of its variables, which leads to the robustness of the proposed energy minimization algorithm. The MICO formulation can be naturally extended to 3D/4D tissue segmentation with spatial/sptatiotemporal regularization. Quantitative evaluations and comparisons with some popular softwares have demonstrated superior performance of MICO in terms of robustness and accuracy.     

Computer verification of the Ankeny-Artin-Chowla Conjecture for all primes less than

Let be a prime congruent to 1 modulo 4, and let be rational integers such that is the fundamental unit of the real quadratic field . The Ankeny-Artin-Chowla conjecture (AAC conjecture) asserts that will not divide . This is equivalent to the assertion that will not divide , where denotes the th Bernoulli number. Although first published in 1952, this conjecture still remains unproved today. Indeed, it appears to be most difficult to prove. Even testing the conjecture can be quite challenging because of the size of the numbers ; for example, when , then both and exceed . In 1988 the AAC conjecture was verified by computer for all . In this paper we describe a new technique for testing the AAC conjecture and we provide some results of a computer run of the method for all primes up to .