薄壁圆管空间结构的热疲劳可靠性分析

针对薄壁圆管的空间结构,分析其在交变热载荷下的疲劳可靠性问题.为同时考虑由截面平均温度和截面温差造成的疲劳损伤,提出了综合利用剩余强度和疲劳累积损伤模型的分析方法.首先根据疲劳累积损伤相等原理,将截面温差造成的多级扰动应力载荷作用频次等效为平均温度下的常幅应力载荷作用次数,从而将两者产生的热应力载荷统一为一常幅载荷,再利用剩余强度模型基于动态应力强度干涉理论对疲劳可靠度进行分析,得到了结构在综合考虑两种热疲劳状态下的动态可靠度.该方法可避免直接利用疲劳累积损伤理论临界损伤值难以确定的问题,且能体现金属疲劳损伤的真实情况.最后以哈勃望远镜为例,分析了其主梁随疲劳热载荷循环作用下的动态可靠度,得出了一些有意义的结论.     

PREDICTION OF FATIGUE LIVES OF RC BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH CFL UNDER RANDOM LOADING

The investigation on fatigue lives of reinforced concrete （RC） structures strength- ened with fiber laminate under random loading is important for the repairing or the strengthening of bridges and the safety of the traffic. In this paper, two methods are developed for predicting the fatigue lives of RC structures strengthened with carbon fiber [aminate （CFL） under random loading based on a residual life and a residual strength model. To discuss the efficiency of the model, 12 RC beams strengthened with CFL are tested under random loading by the MTS810 testing system. The predicted residual strength approximately agrees with test results.     

Free volume characteristics of 2,2-bistrifluoromethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers: Effect of composition and molecular weight

2,2-bistrifluoromethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene (PDD-TFE) copolymer is a good candidate to prepare gas separation membranes with excellent permeability due to its free volume characteristics. However, the influence of PDD-TFE copolymer structure on its free volume characteristics is less studied. In this paper, PDD-TFE copolymers with different compositions and molecular weights were synthesized, and their free volume characteristics were analyzed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and a molecular dynamics simulation. It indicated that the molar fraction of PDD in copolymers had a significant effect on free volume characteristics, while the molecular weight of copolymers exerted a slight influence on free volume when the molecular weight exceeded a critical region (intrinsic viscosity [η] > 68 ml g⁻¹). PDD-TFE copolymers with greater PDD molar fractions (i.e., 72% and 84%) showed bimodal distributions in positron lifetime and free volume size distributions, while PDD-TFE copolymers with lower PDD molar fractions (i.e., 27% and 35%) exhibited a single peak. The long-lifetime parameter τ₃ was assigned to micro-cavities formed by [-(TFE)_y-PDD-] segments and τ₄ was attributed to micro-cavities formed by [-(PDD)_x-TFE-] segments. The cis and trans transitions of PDD led to a local multilayer spiral structure with a 2.6–4.3 Å layer spacing, which would also increase the free volume of copolymers.     

合肥光源托歇克效应损失电子的探测

束流寿命是衡量储存环性能的重要参数,直接影响着光源的正常运行。对于合肥光源（HLS）,托歇克（Touschek）寿命是影响束流寿命的重要因素。为了研究Touschek寿命,需要探测由于Touschek效应所损失的电子。介绍了束流寿命的概念,说明了Touschek效应的原理和机制,利用蒙特卡罗软件EGSnrc模拟计算了丢失电子与真空壁的相互作用,通过塑料闪烁体探测器和光电倍增管获得了由于Touschek效应丢失的电子所产生的信号,然后将信号经过放大甄别和符合处理后,用计数器测量了计数率。结果表明：由于Touschek效应而成对丢失的电子的确存在,且电子损失率随流强的降低而减小。这为下一步储存环的能量标定工作做好了前期准备。     

光参量荧光寿命分布

根据荧光寿命定义和放大过程获得的增益方程,研究了新型非线性晶体BaAlBO3F2中三种不同的相位匹配模式下中心波长532 nm泵浦的参量荧光光子寿命的分布特性。结果表明,当注入单色信号光时,参量荧光寿命随泵浦光相位匹配角的增加由椭圆体分布变化为圆环体分布。采用宽带信号光时,则由分散分布改变为集中在近200 nm波长范围内分布,并随泵浦光相位匹配角的增加而逐步减小。考虑宽带泵浦光注入情况时,参量荧光寿命的分布范围由于相位匹配范围增加而随之扩展。     

In vivo lifetimes of the three color-sectors in bioluminescence emissions of the firefly Luciola praeusta at different temperatures

Bioluminescence emissions from fireflies have been well-studied for over a century. From the apparent features of the emitted light, conclusions have been drawn and hypotheses put forward on the characteristics of the highly efficient light emitting system. The basic emitter oxyluciferin, being chemically unstable, is difficult to study in isolation and, therefore, its analogs have been prepared and analyzed. In this letter, the lifetimes of the excited-state emitter oxyluciferin are measured, and an inference is drawn on the chemiluminescence reaction in vivo. The light from the Indian species of firefly Luciola praeusta contains three color-sectors: green, yellow, and red, and hence three optical filters are used to study time-resolved emissions from these sectors at different temperatures. All the three color-sectors are observed to be temperature sensitive in the time domain. An exponential variation of lifetime with temperature is observed for the emissions in these three regions.     

Improved device reliability in organic light emitting devices by controlling the etching of indium zinc oxide anode

A controllable etching process for indium zinc oxide （IZO） films was developed by using a weak etchant of oxalic acid with a slow etching ratio. With controllable etching time and temperature, a patterned IZO electrode with smoothed surface morphology and slope edge was achieved. For the practical application in organic light emitting devices （OLEDs）, a sup- pression of the leak current in the current-voltage characteristics of OLEDs was observed. It resulted in a 1.6 times longer half lifetime in the IZO-based OLEDs compared to that using an indium tin oxide （ITO） anode etched by a conventional strong etchant of aqua regia.     

Spectra of K4Ru(CN)6

Luminescence of complex ions is a general phenomenon; the number of such complexes in various electronic configurations found to show emission is increasing rapidly. For some it has been possible to assign the emission as phosphorescence or as fluorescence, for others the proper assignment is as yet not clear.     

The lifetime of CFC substitutes studied by a network trained with chaotic mapping modified genetic algorithm and DFT calculations

The hydrohaloalkanes have attracted much attention as potential substitutes of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that deplete the ozone layer and lead to great high global warming. Having a short atmospheric lifetime is very important for the potential substitutes that may also induce ozone depletion and yield high global warming gases to be put in use. Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) studies were presented for their lifetimes aided by the quantum chemistry parameters including net charges, Mulliken overlaps, E _HOMO and E _LUMO based on the density functional theory (DFT) at B3PW91 level, and the C-H bond dissociation energy based on AM1 calculations. Outstanding features of the logistic mapping, a simple chaotic system, especially the inherent ability to search the space of interest exhaustively have been utilized. The chaotic mapping aided genetic algorithm artificial neural network training scheme (CGANN) showed better performance than the conventional genetic algorithm ANN training when the structure of the data set was not favorable. The lifetimes of HFCs and HCs appeared to be greatly dependent on their energies of the highest occupied molecular orbitals. The perference of the RMSRE comparing to RMSE as objective function of ANN training was better for the samples of interest with relatively short lifetimes. C₂H₆ and C₃H₈ as potential green substitutes of CFCs present relatively short lifetimes.     

Solvation Dynamics of a Radical Ion Pair in Micro‐Heterogeneous Binary Solvents: A Semi‐Quantitative Study Utilizing MARY Line‐Broadening Experiments

This work aims at elucidating the mechanism of solvation of a radical ion pair (RIP) in a micro‐heterogeneous binary solvent mixture using magnetically affected reaction yield (MARY) spectroscopy. For the exciplex‐forming 9,10‐dimethylanthracene/N,N‐dimethylaniline system a comparative, composition‐dependent MARY line‐broadening study is undertaken in a heterogeneous (toluene/dimethylsulfoxide) and a quasi‐homogenous (propyl acetate/butyronitrile) solvent mixture. The half‐saturation field extrapolated to zero‐quencher concentration, B_1/2, and the self‐exchange rate constants are analyzed in the light of solvent dynamical properties of the mixtures and a dielectric continuum solvation model. The dependence of B_1/2 on the solvent composition is explained by cluster formation giving rise to shortened RIP lifetimes. The results are in qualitative agreement with the continuum solvation model suggesting that it could serve as a theoretical basis for quantitative modeling.