Evaluation and prediction of fatigue resistance of metals from the kinetics of variation in surface properties

The paper studies the fatigue resistance of metallic samples subjected to high-cycle loading and microhardness measurement. The fatigue damage of materials during loading is identified as decrease in the thickness of the barrier surface layer, which prevents fatigue failure. It is shown that the thickness of this layer is independent of the plastic characteristics of the material and the level of stress. A method to evaluate accumulated fatigue damage is developed. Kinetic curves of damage accumulation are analyzed. Methods to predict fatigue characteristics are proposed __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 86–95, March 2008.     

Probabilistic multiscale models and measurements of self-heating under multiaxial high cycle fatigue

Different approaches have been proposed to link high cycle fatigue properties to thermal measurements under cyclic loadings, usually referred to as “self-heating tests.” This paper focuses on two models whose parameters are tuned by resorting to self-heating tests and then used to predict high cycle fatigue properties. The first model is based upon a yield surface approach to account for stress multiaxiality at a microscopic scale, whereas the second one relies on a probabilistic modelling of microplasticity at the scale of slip-planes.Both model identifications are cost effective, relying mainly on quickly obtained temperature data in self-heating tests. They both describe the influence of the stress heterogeneity, the volume effect and the hydrostatic stress on fatigue limits. The thermal effects and mean fatigue limit predictions are in good agreement with experimental results for in and out-of phase tension-torsion loadings. In the case of fatigue under non-proportional loading paths, the mean fatigue limit prediction error of the critical shear stress approach is three times less than with the yield surface approach.     

机翼主梁钛合金模拟件谱载疲劳寿命实验研究

确定某型飞机机翼主梁结构的使用寿命是保证该机使用安全的关键。本文对全机第一关键危险部位--机翼钛合金主梁下缘螺栓孔模拟件进行随机谱和程序块谱载荷下的疲劳寿命试验,获得了模拟件的疲劳裂纹形成寿命和疲劳全寿命,并对其寿命进行了统计处理和对比分析。结果表明,程序块谱较随机谱有更长的疲劳寿命。这说明随机谱比程序块谱要严重,对钛合金主梁模拟件的疲劳寿命有显著的影响。该结论可为机翼钛合金主梁构件疲劳寿命预测及疲劳设计提供试验依据。     

回转窑滚圈多轴疲劳寿命预测及与轴线偏移关系研究

结合轴线偏移情况开展回转窑滚圈多轴疲劳寿命研究,采用了Wang和Brown提出的多轴疲劳准则和雨流计数法及Miner准则进行累积损伤评估．回转窑运行轴线偏移会导致滚圈承受的支承载荷分布严重不均,因此引入载荷比来描述轴线偏移程度以进一步定量分析滚圈应力．采用有限元软件ANSYS进行了各载荷比下滚圈的接触应力分析,并根据滚动接触区域情况计算得到了切向摩擦应力．以某回转窑滚圈为分析对象,计算得到了随载荷比变化的疲劳寿命曲线,揭示了轴线偏移对滚圈疲劳寿命的影响规律．研究对减少滚圈疲劳失效有重要意义,同时也可作为轴线调整和优化调窑的理论依据．     

Experimental investigation of the low cycle fatigue crack propagation in PC/ABS polymer blends

Low cycle fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior of two PC/ABS blends with a weight ratio of PC to ABS being 80/20 and 60/40, respectively, is investigated. Experiments are carried out by using standard compact tension (CT) specimens. The fracture surfaces are examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is shown that the FCP resistance of PC/ABS blend with 20% ABS particles is higher than that of PC/ABS blend with 40% ABS particles. It is found that proper ABS particle content can result in the toughening of PC/ABS blends through particle cavitation and shear yielding in matrix. Project supported by the Excellent Young Teachers Program and the Research Foundation for Doctoral Project of the Ministry of Education of China.     

Pinning of cracks in two-dimensional disordered media

We study the statistics of crack pinning in two dimensions by experiments and simulations of directed polymers in random media. Mode I tensile tests on paper samples show a delocalization phenomenon as the notch length is varied if the fraction of cracks pinned to the notch is monitored. This is compared with the behavior of directed polymers in the presence of both an energetically favorable localized pinning center and bulk disorder. An analysis of the crack interface roughness indicates self-affine behavior with a roughness exponent ζ in the proximity of the minimum energy surface value 2/3. Received 4 April 2000 and Received in final form 10 October 2000     

基于韧性耗散模型的损伤定量分析方法

材料的静力韧性便于工程测量,对疲劳损伤较其它宏观损伤变量更敏感。本文以材料静力韧性为宏观损伤变量,依据疲劳过程中金属材料韧性随疲劳循环加载而变化的实验结果的规律分析,得到了应力和循环数表达的损伤演化方程和损伤累积模型。该模型能较好地反映加载顺序的影响。推导出该疲劳损伤累积模型在多级加载下的递推公式。经四种金属材料疲劳试验数据验证结果表明,该模型预测疲劳寿命是较为满意的。由于疲劳试验数据分散性大,结果有待进一步验证。     

元件疲劳可靠性估算方法

对近年来国内外在元件疲劳可靠性估算方法方面所做的研究作了系统的回顾和讨论,按安全余量方程将其分为三类：累积损伤模型、乘余强度模型和疲劳寿命模型,并对这三种模型的特点及局限性作了分析论述,对元件疲劳可靠性分析的发展趋势作了讨论。     

光弹贴片法研究砼在疲劳荷载作用下裂缝扩展过程

为了研究疲劳荷载作用下砼裂缝扩展过程,本文采用光弹贴片法对尺寸为200mm×200mm×200mm的楔入劈拉试件预制裂缝稳定扩展直至失稳破坏全过程进行了系统的研究,并采用照相机拍摄了光弹贴片所显示的裂缝扩展全过程,得到了砼裂缝长度随疲劳次数的增加而稳定扩展的完整而直观的观测结果．根据光弹贴片所显示的彩色条纹序列,还测得了疲劳荷载作用下砼裂缝尖端附近的主剪应变差分布．试验表明,采用光弹贴片法可有效地测定疲劳荷载作用下砼裂缝扩展过程．     

复合载荷下脆性材料紧凑拉伸试件疲劳裂纹的预制

本文针对脆性材料的紧凑拉伸（CT）试件,提出了在复合疲劳载荷作用下预制疲劳裂纹的新方法,用此方法预制出7060-T6铝合金的CT试件疲劳裂纹并测试其断裂韧性。由于采用了框架结构和螺旋结构在CT试件的两侧面施加压缩载荷,在拉伸疲劳载荷作用下产生与之方向相反的压缩疲劳载荷,形成复合疲劳载荷,引起应力强度因子范围ΔK的下降,导致裂纹扩展速率的降低,从而控制了疲劳预制裂纹长度。此压缩疲劳载荷值用贴电阻片方法和组成全桥原理测定出。在一定拉伸疲劳载荷和压缩载荷下,可成功地预制出所需的疲劳裂纹长度。