基于临界面法的剪切式多轴疲劳寿命预测模型

基于临界平面原理,应用von-Mises准则提出一种能够同时适用于比例与非比例加载的剪切式多轴疲劳损伤参量.新的损伤参量,通过引入一个应力相关因子来考虑临界面上最大剪应变范围和正应变范围对多轴疲劳损伤贡献的不同,同时该因子还考虑了非比例附加强化对材料多轴疲劳寿命的影响.该参量不含有经验常数,便于工程应用.经1045HR钢,S45C钢,Inconel718钢,16MnR钢等四种材料的多轴疲劳试验验证,预测结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

等离子喷涂层接触疲劳失效模式及失效机理的研究

研究了等离子喷涂层在不同应力水平下的接触疲劳失效模式与声发射幅值的对应关系,并分析了涂层的接触疲劳失效机理.结果表明:声发射幅值与接触应力的大小无明显的关系,根据疲劳失效时的声发射幅值可以判断涂层接触疲劳失效模式,幅值为87～93 dB时易发生剥落或分层失效,幅值为78～83 dB易发生点蚀失效.涂层表面微凸体与轴承球滚压接触产生黏着磨损以及涂层、磨粒、轴承球三者形成的三体磨料磨损是点蚀失效产生的主要原因.剥落失效主要与涂层表面微观缺陷处裂纹的萌生、扩展以及表面磨损行为有关.层内分层失效是由涂层内部最大剪切应力控制的,而界面分层失效主要是由涂层与基体的低结合强度、热失配以及界面剪切应力造成的.     

CrMoV合金钢的微动疲劳实验研究

本文利用一种自行设计的微动疲劳实验装置研究CrMoV合金钢的微动疲劳特性。作者研究了接触压力对材料微动疲劳寿命的影响规律,得到了研究条件下CrMoV合金钢的接触压力阈值。当接触压力较小时,微动桥压块与试件表面间有相对滑动,微动疲劳寿命随接触压力的增加快速下降;当接触压力达到或超过阈值62.5MPa时,微动疲劳寿命达到最低值并不再随接触压力的增加而下降。本文给出了CrMoV合金钢在接触压力为225MPa的微动疲劳曲线和零接触压力(纯)疲劳曲线,并给出微动疲劳强度与常规疲劳强度的关系,分析了微动疲劳破坏的微观机理。     

降载勾线法在高强钢疲劳断裂试验中的应用

制作高强钢特征试件,在压、弯应力共同作用下进行疲劳断裂试验;结合疲劳辉纹产生机理,采用降载勾线法在试件断面制造出“海滩状花纹”;利用CAD软件描绘断面形貌并测量裂纹长度,用Newman-Raju理论进一步研究表面裂纹扩展的规律,并与试验值比较.结果表明降载勾线法可以解决高强度钢表面裂纹不易测量及断面难以观测到疲劳辉纹的问题;采用Newman-Raju公式模拟压弯组合应力下表面裂纹扩展形貌是合适的,但由此计算的疲劳寿命偏于保守.另外,当压弯应力比值较小时,计算扩展形貌时压应力可以忽略,而计算疲劳寿命时压应力不可忽略.     

电镀铜薄膜力学性能的实验研究

电子器件中大量使用铜膜作为电信号通道,而且一般采用电镀工艺制成.铜膜的力学性能参数对于其热疲劳可靠性的研究非常重要.目前有关该材料的力学性能研究尚不充分,而且数据极为不统一.本文借助于纳米压痕法、声发射等实验手段对电镀铜薄膜的静态力学性能(包括弹性模量和屈服强度等)及疲劳性能进行了测试.结果发现,与大块铜材料相比,电镀铜薄膜的弹性模量低很多,但屈服强度与大块铜材料相当,甚至高出200％.同时,本文采用弯曲疲劳实验,以电阻变化为失效判据,对镀铜材料的疲劳性能进行了测试,获取了该材料不同失效判据下的疲劳寿命预测模型的系数.     

单向双筋板结构件共振疲劳试验及分析

航空航天领域广泛存在着振动疲劳问题,严重危及飞行器结构的安全可靠性。本文首先设计了激振器直接作用于试件的力激励振动疲劳试验系统,并提出了跟踪结构共振频率的频带激励共振疲劳寿命测试方法;而后利用试件进行了频带激励下的定应变共振或定载荷共振结构振动疲劳试验;最后针对试验结果分析与讨论了可能影响结构振动疲劳寿命的各种因素。结论表明,试验结构件的边界条件、初始条件以及结构动力学特性等都可能是影响振动疲劳寿命的关键因素。频带激励共振疲劳试验方法为振动疲劳寿命曲线的测试积累了经验。     

The effect of frequency and sample shape on fatigue behaviors of DZ125 superalloy

The effect of frequency and sample shape on fatigue behaviors of DZ125 superalloy are systematically studied. The results show that fatigue fracture still occurs above the cycle of 10⁸ for tests carried out at the frequency of f = 20 kHz and stress ratio R = ?1, so the traditional fatigue limit at cycle of 10⁷ is not appropriate for fatigue design. Fatigue fracture surfaces are perpendicular to stress axis for cylindrical and plate specimens, and the fatigue cracks originate from the extra surface of the specimens. Fatigue crack is apt to propagate from cutting direction to forward direction, which occurs mainly in the second propagation stage at higher stress amplitude. There is an obvious frequency effect for DZ125 superalloy. The higher the test frequency is, the more serious the effect of frequency on fatigue behaviors of the alloy. After the frequency correction, the ultra-high cycle fatigue S-N curve well coincide with the traditional fatigue S-N curve.     

Damage monitor and life prediction of carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites at room and elevated temperatures using hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter

In this paper, the damage monitor and life prediction of carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (C/SiC CMCs) have been investigated using the hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter. The evolution of the interface shear stress, hysteresis dissipated energy, hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter and the broken fibers fraction vs. cycle number, the fatigue life S?N curves of unidirectional, cross-ply and 2.5D C/SiC composites at room temperature and 800 °C in air atmosphere have been analyzed. For unidirectional C/SiC, the hysteresis dissipated energy and hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter first increase and then decrease with cycle number, and the fatigue limit stress decreases from 88% tensile strength at room temperature to 20% of the tensile strength at 800 °C in air atmosphere; for cross-ply C/SiC, the hysteresis dissipated energy and hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter decrease with increasing applied cycles, and the fatigue limit stress decreases from 85% tensile strength at room temperature to 22% tensile strength at 800 °C in air; and for 2.5D C/SiC, the hysteresis dissipated energy and hysteresis dissipated energy-based damage parameter increases with cycle number, and the fatigue limit stress decreases from 70% tensile strength at room temperature to 25% tensile strength at 800 °C in air.     

含裂纹结构可靠度的多尺度求解

针对环境作用下金属结构从微观损伤到宏观失效的复杂过程,选用具有局部细化特征的CAS小波,先对疲劳裂纹扩展方程进行离散处理,将微分方程转化为代数方程组,然后用完全积分可靠性分析模型,对一般环境中和引入环境系数的含裂纹结构的可靠度进行求解.最后,验证了利用CAS小波多尺度方法求解复杂环境中结构疲劳破坏过程是可行的,并能很好地解决短裂纹与长裂纹扩展的光滑过渡.