Threonine-FX dosimeter for food irradiation

A detailed study for the spectrophotometric readout method for L-threonine powder, [CH₃CH(OH)CH(NH₂)COOH], was done. In this method, 400 mg unirradiated/irradiated L-threonine powder was dissolved in 10 ml of a solution which contains 3×10⁻⁴ mol dm⁻³ ferrous ammonium sulphate and 1.7×10⁻⁴ mol dm⁻³ xylenol orange (XO) in aerated aqueous 0.17 mol dm⁻³ sulphuric acid (FX). The peroxy radicals produced from irradiated threonine oxidize ferrous ions and XO forms a complex with ferric ions as well as controls the chain length of ferrous ion oxidation. The plot of absorbance at 556 nm against dose is linear in the dose range 20–400 Gy and doses down to about 1 Gy can be measured using 10-cm path cells. Response of the dosimeter is independent of irradiation temperature above 20. A dose of 50 Gy–10 kGy can be measured dissolving 50 mg threonine powder in 10 ml of a solution which contains 3×10⁻⁴ mol dm⁻³ ferrous ammonium sulphate and 1.3×10⁻⁴ mol dm⁻³ XO in aerated aqueous 0.06 mol dm⁻³ sulphuric acid (FX). The plot of absorbance at 552 nm against dose is non-linear. However dosimeter shows linear dose response up to 1000 Gy. Irradiated threonine powder is stable for about 3 months. The reproducibility of the method is better than ±2%. This dosimeter is very useful as transfer dosimeter for food irradiation programme.     

Diels-Alder reaction volumes in the solid state and solution

The densities of anthracene, tetracyanoethylene, maleic anhydride, N-phenylmaleineimide, trans, trans-1,4-diphenylbuta-1,3-diene, and their Diels-Alder adducts were measured in the solid state and in solution at 25 °C. The reaction volumes in the solid state were calculated from the difference in molar volumes. They turned out to be low, close to each other (–4 to –11 cm³ mol^–1), and slightly different from the reaction volumes (–8±1 cm³ mol^–1) calculated from the van der Waals radii. The reaction volumes in solutions (–15 to –32 cm³ mol^–1) were found from the difference in partial molar volumes of the reactants in dioxane, acetonitrile, and 1,2-dichloroethane, The experimental Diels-Alder reaction volumes in solution are determined not only by the formation of new bonds in an adduct: a considerably higher contribution (to 75%) is made by a change in the volume of intermolecular empty spaces in solution on going from reactants to adducts.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2386–2390, November, 2004.     

丝氨酸在醇-水溶液中的溶解焓

用RD-496III双热流精密微热量计测量了L-丝氨酸在纯水以及异丙醇、1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇水溶液中的溶解焓, 并计算了从水到醇-水溶液中的迁移焓. 实验发现, L-丝氨酸在水及醇-水溶液中的溶解焓都是正值, 它从水到醇-水溶液中的迁移焓也都是正值, 并且基本上随着醇浓度的增加而增加, 说明在溶解过程中, 溶质与混合溶剂分子的部分去水化吸热过程占主要地位. 另外, 实验还发现L-丝氨酸从水到异丙醇水溶液中的迁移焓大于在1,2-丙二醇水溶液中的, 更大于在丙三醇水溶液中的, 这是由于羟基的减少导致了疏水-亲水作用的增加和亲水-亲水作用的减弱.     

四配位硅单体及其共聚物的制备和结构表征

研究了直接从无定形二氧化硅出发, 与乙二醇、氢氧化钾反应, 生成高反应活性的五配位硅钾化合物, 并以此为原料与含活泼氯的3-氯丙烯反应制备出含双键官能团的四配位硅单体. 讨论了合成单体的条件如温度、反应时间、反应物浓度、溶液pH值及溶剂等因素的影响. 然后以该四配位硅单体与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)在偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)作引发剂下进行自由基聚合得到支链含硅共聚物. 并借助于红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(¹³C和¹H, ²⁹Si)、能谱元素分析对合成的单体进行了结构表征; 用红外光谱(IR)、热失重谱(TG)、差示扫描量热谱(DSC)、凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)等现代测试手段对支链含硅共聚物进行了结构表征及热性能分析. IR表明四配位硅单体在1646 cm^－1处是C＝C的伸缩振动吸收峰, 在共聚物中此峰消失; TG表明共聚物在249.6 ℃才开始失重, 552 ℃有机部分失重完毕; GPC分析表明共聚物的数均分子量为8.7万.     

含醛基功能化离子液体为载体液相合成氨基醚类化合物

以1-甲基咪唑、对二氯苄、对羟基苯甲醛和四氟硼酸钠为原料, 制备了一种含醛基的新型功能化离子液体1-(4-对甲酰基苯氧基亚甲基苄基)-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(简写为[fmmim][BF4]). 为拓展功能化离子液体为载体的液相合成反应体系, 以该含醛基功能化离子液体为可溶性液相载体, 进行了Williamson醚化的合成反应, 较高产率和纯度得到了一系列氨基醚类化合物, 切割后得到的目标化合物不需要进行进一步的柱色谱纯化处理, 产率为81%～85%, 纯度为96%～99%. 回收得到的功能化离子液体可以重复套用多次而不影响其功效, 目标化合物的产率在81%～84%之间波动. 结果表明该方法可高效率地用于基于Williamson醚化反应的液相组合化学合成.     

Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies on the interaction of an inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin/fullerene with bovine serum albumin in aqueous solution

The potential effect of human exposure to carbonaceous nanomaterials (e.g., fullerenes or their derivatives) in the environment has become a concern. In the current study, we report the interaction of one water-soluble fullerene with bovine serum albumin using spectroscopic and electrochemical methods under aqueous solutions. The novel supramolecular inclusion complex of the water-soluble fullerene (β-CD)₂/C₆₀ was synthesized and characterized. In the mechanism discussed, the spectroscopic methods such as fluorescence quenching and ultraviolet-visible absorption, proved that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by (β-CD)₂/C₆₀ was the result of the formation of (β-CD)₂/C₆₀-BSA complex and that the mechanism of quenching might be a static quenching procedure. The binding constants K_a, the number of binding sites n, and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS at different temperatures were calculated through fluorescence spectroscopy, then as an auxiliary method, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments confirmed this conclusion. The results indicated that the electrostatic interactions play a major role in (β-CD)₂/C₆₀-BSA association. The circular dichroism spectra show the conformation change of the effect of (β-CD)₂/C₆₀ on the conformation of BSA, which was confirmed by the results of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. Site marker competitive experiments indicate that the binding of (β-CD)₂/C₆₀ to BSA primarily took place in site I. The distance r between donor (BSA) and acceptor ((β-CD)₂/C₆₀) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). This work aims to demonstrate the mechanisms of the formation of the complex between water-soluble fullerene and protein under physiological conditions, as well as the remediation for the possible unwarranted biological effects of water-soluble fullerene.     

Zn/Al层状双氢氧化物-聚氯乙烯纳米复合物的制备与性能

用共沉淀法制备油酸钾改性的Zn2+、Al 3+层状双氢氧化物(Zn/Al-LDH),以环己酮为溶剂,用溶液插层法制备了Zn/Al层状双氢氧化物-聚氯乙烯(PVC)纳米复合物。采用傅里叶红外(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)对复合材料的结构及形貌进行了表征,并用热分析仪、万能试验机和紫外分光光度计研究了复合物的热稳定性能、拉伸性能和紫外吸收性能。结果表明:Zn/Al-LDH纳米片层无序分散在PVC基体中;Zn/Al-LDH对PVC低温时的骨干脱氯化氢有促进作用;与PVC膜相比,复合膜的分解温度降低,高温碳化温度升高,复合膜的拉伸强度及断裂伸长率得到提高,在300~380nm具有一定的紫外吸收性能。     

复合卤氧化铋纳米材料的合成及其光催化性能

采用低温沉淀法合成了一系列Bi OMxN1-x(M,N=Cl、Br、I)(0X1)复合材料,通过XRD、FESEM、TEM、EDS、UV-vis和PL等一系列表征和对有机物罗丹明光催化降解性能的研究表明:通过对复合材料合成过程中卤素离子含量的控制,使得此类固溶体具有独特的微观形貌和可控能带隙,使其在可见光下具有独特的光催化性能。在相同的光照条件下,Bi OCl0.5Br0.5、Bi OCl0.75I0.25和Bi OBr0.75I0.25相对于其他同系列的Bi OMxN1-x(M,N=Cl、Br、I)(0X1)微球样品而言,具有最好的光催化性能。     

离子色谱法测定醇胺脱硫溶液中热稳定盐

为了控制热稳定盐(HSS)对天然气净化装置造成的危害,建立了一种同时检测醇胺脱硫溶液中的乙酸根离子、甲酸根离子、氯离子、硫酸根离子、草酸根离子、硫代硫酸根离子和硫氰酸根离子的离子色谱方法。该方法利用膜过滤、反相固相萃取和稀释3个步骤对工业样品进行前处理,采用氢氧化钾梯度淋洗和电导检测的方式,实现了7种离子的分离与检测。方法的线性范围为0.01～0.5 mmol/L,检出限(以信噪比(S/N)为3计)小于0.1 mg/L,回收率为80.0%～100.3%。在5个不同添加浓度下分别测定了上述7个离子,色谱峰面积的重复性良好(相对标准偏差(RSD, n=10)为0.94%～3.99%。通过3个实验室比对试验,表明该方法再现性良好,色谱峰面积的RSD小于5%。应用该方法成功地检测了8家天然气净化厂、3家石油炼厂和1家煤制油工厂的脱硫溶液样品中的HSS,并连续监测某天然气净化装置15 d。该方法具有良好的可靠性和实用性。