全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7387篇 |
免费 | 610篇 |
国内免费 | 1633篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5362篇 |
晶体学 | 39篇 |
力学 | 795篇 |
综合类 | 140篇 |
数学 | 1880篇 |
物理学 | 1414篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 17篇 |
2023年 | 61篇 |
2022年 | 145篇 |
2021年 | 206篇 |
2020年 | 245篇 |
2019年 | 229篇 |
2018年 | 217篇 |
2017年 | 243篇 |
2016年 | 306篇 |
2015年 | 228篇 |
2014年 | 339篇 |
2013年 | 548篇 |
2012年 | 468篇 |
2011年 | 439篇 |
2010年 | 414篇 |
2009年 | 423篇 |
2008年 | 419篇 |
2007年 | 519篇 |
2006年 | 438篇 |
2005年 | 466篇 |
2004年 | 407篇 |
2003年 | 412篇 |
2002年 | 324篇 |
2001年 | 287篇 |
2000年 | 261篇 |
1999年 | 209篇 |
1998年 | 172篇 |
1997年 | 155篇 |
1996年 | 140篇 |
1995年 | 118篇 |
1994年 | 154篇 |
1993年 | 105篇 |
1992年 | 83篇 |
1991年 | 59篇 |
1990年 | 57篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 42篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 38篇 |
1985年 | 40篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有9630条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
991.
Substrate‐Tuned Catalysis of the Radical S‐Adenosyl‐L‐Methionine Enzyme NosL Involved in Nosiheptide Biosynthesis
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Xinjian Ji Dr. Yongzhen Li Prof. Dr. Wei Ding Prof. Dr. Qi Zhang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(31):9021-9024
NosL is a radical S‐adenosyl‐L ‐methionine (SAM) enzyme that converts L ‐Trp to 3‐methyl‐2‐indolic acid, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of a thiopeptide antibiotic nosiheptide. In this work we investigated NosL catalysis by using a series of Trp analogues as the molecular probes. Using a benzofuran substrate 2‐amino‐3‐(benzofuran‐3‐yl)propanoic acid (ABPA), we clearly demonstrated that the 5′‐deoxyadenosyl (dAdo) radical‐mediated hydrogen abstraction in NosL catalysis is not from the indole nitrogen but likely from the amino group of L ‐Trp. Unexpectedly, the major product of ABPA is a decarboxylated compound, indicating that NosL was transformed to a novel decarboxylase by an unnatural substrate. Furthermore, we showed that, for the first time to our knowledge, the dAdo radical‐mediated hydrogen abstraction can occur from an alcohol hydroxy group. Our study demonstrates the intriguing promiscuity of NosL catalysis and highlights the potential of engineering radical SAM enzymes for novel activities. 相似文献
992.
High‐Resolution Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Imaging of Zeolite Aggregates within Real‐Life Fluid Catalytic Cracking Particles
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Zoran Ristanović Dr. Marleen M. Kerssens Alexey V. Kubarev Frank C. Hendriks Dr. Peter Dedecker Prof. Dr. Johan Hofkens Prof. Dr. Maarten B. J. Roeffaers Prof. Dr. Bert M. Weckhuysen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(6):1836-1840
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a major process in oil refineries to produce gasoline and base chemicals from crude oil fractions. The spatial distribution and acidity of zeolite aggregates embedded within the 50–150 μm‐sized FCC spheres heavily influence their catalytic performance. Single‐molecule fluorescence‐based imaging methods, namely nanometer accuracy by stochastic chemical reactions (NASCA) and super‐resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) were used to study the catalytic activity of sub‐micrometer zeolite ZSM‐5 domains within real‐life FCC catalyst particles. The formation of fluorescent product molecules taking place at Brønsted acid sites was monitored with single turnover sensitivity and high spatiotemporal resolution, providing detailed insight in dispersion and catalytic activity of zeolite ZSM‐5 aggregates. The results point towards substantial differences in turnover frequencies between the zeolite aggregates, revealing significant intraparticle heterogeneities in Brønsted reactivity. 相似文献
993.
Daniela Fico Antonio Pennetta Giulia Rella Antonella Savino Valentina Terlizzi Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2016,47(3):321-328
A combined analytical approach has been applied to the wall paintings, dated from 10th to 14th centuries, of the Santi Stefani crypt at Vaste (Lecce, Southern Italy). These paintings are a precious testimony of Medieval art in Southern Italy. However, the church shows problems of damp as well as clear evidences of flora, fungi and mold presence, and there is little knowledge of the pictorial methodologies used. Raman spectroscopy allowed to determine the palette and to reconstruct the worksite and the chronological sequence of the various paint layers. Kaolinite, calcite, carbon black, hematite, massicot, goethite, indigo and azurite were identified as pigments along with synthetic pigments, like phthalocyanine blue and chrome yellow. Attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested the presence of egg as a binder in some pictorial layers. The conservation state of the crypt is poor, and detachments of pigmented layers are frequent because of the presence of subflorescence and efflorescence: nitrate, sulfate and chloride salts have been identified spectroscopically and quantified by ion chromatography. The extensive use of kaolinite in Santi Stefani, actually not uncommon in Medieval art, is observed for the first time in a crypt of Puglia: its use to stabilize some pigments and to improve their adhesion on substrate is proposed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
995.
采用减压蒸馏生物油为原料,与无水乙醇2:3(质量比)混合,在固定床中ZSM-5/MCM-41分子筛上共催化裂化,考查了反应温度和质量空速(WHSV)对裂化产物的影响。对ZSM-5/MCM-41进行了NH3-TPD、BET、N2吸附-脱附等表征,对裂化气体产物通过气相色谱仪分析,减压蒸馏生物油和精制生物油采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行定量分析。结果表明,反应温度500 ℃、WHSV 3.75 h-1为反应优化工况。此反应条件下,精制生物油酸类物质从减压蒸馏生物油中的25.6%降至反应后的0.1%,效果显著,且精制生物油产率为46.8%,气体产物中CO2和CO的浓度共9.5%。 相似文献
996.
煤催化气化条件下不同煤种煤灰烧结行为研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取9类典型煤种,利用压差法测定烧结温度的实验装置,结合灰渣的XRD分析结果,考察了添加K基碱金属催化剂、不同煤种灰成分对烧结温度的影响。结果表明,碳酸钾催化剂的添加,明显降低高铁钙含量的WJT煤的灰熔点及烧结温度,碱金属K化合物极易同煤中Fe、Ca的矿物质反应生成低温共融物进而加剧煤灰的熔融结渣。不同煤种烧结温度的差异与煤灰中硅、铝、铁、钙含量密切相关。铝、硅含量高的煤灰烧结温度较高,而铁、钙含量高的煤灰烧结温度相对较低。碱金属K催化剂的添加加剧了煤灰的烧结结渣,而钙、铁的存在会加速硅铝酸盐间的反应生成低温共融物进而加速灰熔融。各煤种烧结温度的变化与其灰成分在CaO-SiO2-Al2O3、FeO-SiO2-Al2O3三元相图上的位置相吻合。 相似文献
997.
Electrochemical characterization of MnO2 as electrocatalytic energy material for fuel cell electrode
Development of inexpensive non Pt based high electrocatalytic energy materials is the need of the hour for fuel cell electrode to produce clean alternative green energy from synthesized bio alcohol using biomass. MnO2, electro synthesized at different current density is found to be well performed electrocatalytic material, comparable to Pt, with higher current density, very low overvoltage for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol. From EIS study, the polarization resistance of the coated MnO2 is found to be much low and electrical double layer capacitance is high, the effect increases with increase in current density of electro deposition. XRD, EDX and AAS analysis confirm the MnO2 deposition. The morphology of SEM images exhibits an enhanced 3D effective substrate area, for electro oxidation of the fuel. A few nano structured grains of the deposited MnO2 is also observed at higher current density. The fact supports that a high energetic inexpensive electro catalytic material has been found for fuel cell electrode to synthesis renewable energy from methanol fuel. 相似文献
998.
不同WO含量对CeO-ZrO-WO催化剂在NH选择性催化还原NO中的影响 《燃料化学学报》2015,43(6):701-707
采用水热法制备了CeO2-ZrO2-WO3(CZW)催化剂,考察了WO3含量对CZW催化剂上NH3选择性催化还原NOx性能的影响,并利用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、H2程序升温还原、NH3和NO程序升温脱附等方法对其进行了表征。结果表明,WO3以无定形的形式存在于催化剂中,添加WO3后显著提高了催化剂的表面酸性,并且在CZW催化剂上出现了强吸附的NO物种,从而有利于提高催化剂的活性。另外,适量的WO3引入将增大催化剂的比表面积,促进催化剂的氧化还原性能,这将有利于提高SCR的催化活性。和CeO2-ZrO2催化剂相比,当WO3的含量为20%时,CZW催化剂表现出良好的抗硫性能。此外,当空速为60 000 h-1时,在200~463 ℃,该催化剂显示出了大于90% NOx转化率。 相似文献
999.
SCR脱硝过程中SO催化氧化的原位红外研究 《燃料化学学报》2015,43(8):1018-1024
采用工业用V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂,基于傅里叶原位红外光谱(FT-IR)技术考察SO2的氧化过程及烟气组分对SO2氧化行为的影响;结果表明,SO2在催化剂表面氧化主要是首先吸附在催化剂表面V2O5活性位上,占据其O原子,以SO2-3形式存在,后与催化剂表面V5+-OH发生反应,生成金属硫酸盐(VOSO4)中间产物,O2重新氧化催化氧化过程中由于被SO2夺取O原子而被还原的V2O5物种,使V4+转化为V5+,促进金属硫酸盐(VOSO4)向SO3转化;SO2与NO、NH3的竞争吸附阻碍SO2在V2O5活性点位上的氧化;在SCR中,NO的脱除与SO2的氧化是相互抑制的关系。 相似文献
1000.
催化裂化条件下噻吩与改性Y分子筛的作用机制 《燃料化学学报》2015,43(7):862-869
以HY、NiY和稀土离子改性的Y分子筛(REY)为研究对象,采用固定床装置评价噻吩模拟油催化裂化性能;运用气相色谱-氢火焰离子发光检测器(GC-FID)、气相色谱-硫化学发光检测器(GC-SCD)和原位红外光谱技术分析产物,关联分子筛的酸性,研究催化裂化条件下噻吩与改性Y分子筛的作用机制。实验结果表明,催化裂化条件下,噻吩与分子筛的作用机制差异主要取决于与B酸或L酸相关的非骨架铝物种或金属离子物种的存在形式。其中,NiY分子筛中,噻吩主要是吸附在与NiOH+物种相关的L酸中心,而Ni4AlO43+等物种减弱B酸性中心从而降低其裂化性能。对HY来说,噻吩易在与AlO+等物种相邻的B酸中心上聚合形成三联噻吩,并发生一定的氢转移和裂化反应;而对REY而言,分子筛中与RE物种相关的L酸位会促进噻吩在与非骨架铝羟基等物种(如Al(OH)2+、Al(OH)2+等)相邻的B酸中心形成的二联噻吩发生氢转移和裂化反应。 相似文献