物理场防除积垢节能技术

化工生产过程换热设备积垢的防除一直是普遍存在且难以解决的问题，目前采用的防除积垢的方法是化学法或化学与机械相结合的方法，它们都有各自的不足之处，文章在调查国内外关于物理场防除积垢节能技术研究成果的基础上，较详细地介绍了该技术的原理和应用现状，并展望了今后的发展方向。     

Phase transitions in CuBiP2Se6 crystals

Investigation results of dielectric (20?Hz–1?MHz) properties of layered CuBiP₂Se₆ crystals are presented. The temperature dependence of the static dielectric permittivity reveals the first-order “displacive” antiferroelectric phase transition at T _c?=?136?K. In the paraelectric phase, at low frequencies, dielectric spectra are highly influenced by the high ionic conductivity with the activation energy of 2473?K (0.21?eV). In the antiferroelectric phase the electrical conductivity and its activation energy (531.1?K (0.045?eV)) are considerably smaller. At low temperatures, the temperature behaviour of the distribution of relaxation times reveals complex freezing phenomena. A part of long relaxation time distribution is strongly affected by external direct current (DC) electric field and it is obviously caused by antiferroelectric domain dynamics.     

干涉型光纤水听器调制光源的一种实现方法

直接调制光源(多量子阱激光器)的相位载波零差检测方式，在干涉型光纤水听器的信号检测技术中具有明显的优越性。详细描述了采用高频正弦波，对多量子阱分布反馈激光器进行直接驱动调制的一种实现方法。实验表明达到了水听器对光源高频稳定的要求。该调制技术也可应用于光纤通信等领域。     

Effect of bias condition on heavy ion radiation in bipolar junction transistors

The characteristic degradations in a silicon NPN bipolar junction transistor(BJT) of 3DG142 type are examined under irradiation with 40-MeV chlorine(Cl) ions under forward,grounded,and reverse bias conditions,respectively.Different electrical parameters are in-situ measured during the exposure under each bias condition.From the experimental data,a larger variation of base current(I B) is observed after irradiation at a given value of base-emitter voltage(V BE),while the collector current is slightly affected by irradiation at a given V BE.The gain degradation is affected mostly by the behaviour of the base current.From the experimental data,the variation of current gain in the case of forward bias is much smaller than that in the other conditions.Moreover,for 3DG142 BJT,the current gain degradation in the case of reverse bias is more severe than that in the grounded case at low fluence,while at high fluence,the gain degradation in the reverse bias case becomes smaller than that in the grounded case.     

基于SIFT的电力设备红外与可见光图像的配准和融合-

提出了一种红外与可见光的配准和融合方法,该方法利用SIFT算法提取图像特征,并使用透视变换表示图像的变换关系,最后在HSI空间,对图像进行了加权融合。实验表明,该方法快速稳定、鲁棒性高。     

高电压脉冲功率调节系统的数值模拟

介绍高电压脉冲功率调节系统（储能电感／断路开关）的模拟计算方法．根据使用的初始能源种类不同，分别对电容器模型和简单的爆炸应压缩发生器（ＭＦＣＧ）模型作了初步计算．对于后者，分别考虑不带断路开关和带断路开关负载两种情况，从结果比较可知电流将变化２０％—３１％．在电容器模型中，分别考虑了负载、初始充电电压、储能电感等因素的影响．通过计算表明，要得到理想的输出结果，必须对系统运行参数进行优化．     

基于虚拟仪器的压电陶瓷驱动技术研究

针对压电陶瓷驱动器的非线性应变,以压电陶瓷微位移驱动原理为基础,分析了扫频激光器腔长控制原理;在硬件时钟的定时下,分析了压电陶瓷的驱动特性,并通过调整驱动信号的步长电压来调节压电陶瓷的非线性。设计了基于虚拟仪器的控制系统,并对线性化方法进行了原理分析和实验。实验结果表明,该测量系统可以使压电陶瓷在其伸长范围内线性地伸长。     

金刚石对顶砧原位电导率测量系统

 在金刚石对顶砧中进行原位高温高压电阻测量时,由于受到绝热层的限制,从而达不到理想的温度条件。采用普通的粉末绝热材料,会给电极的引入造成很大困难,而且不规则的电阻丝使电阻测量很难精确量化。利用溅射镀膜方法,在对顶砧的砧面上镀氧化铝膜作绝热层,溅射的金属钼膜作电极材料,成功地完成了高温高压条件下原位电阻的测量。利用此装置,测量了铁镁硅酸盐(Mg_0.875,Fe_0.125)₂SiO₄在高温高压环境下（31~35 GPa,1 500~3 400 K）的电导率,得到了样品的导电粒子激活能,发现其激活能随着压强的升高而增大,与低压低温（小于15 GPa,低于1 200 K）条件相比,其激活体积和激活能都明显减小。     

跑道型Bi系高温超导双饼线圈I～E特性计算与实验研究

本文使用Ansys有限元分析软件,建立三维跑道线圈模型,考虑超导线截面电流密度的非均匀分布特性,计算Bi系高温超导双饼线圈中各区域磁场分布、临界电流分布、电流密度分布和电场分布,从而计算线圈的I～E关系曲线,为超导线圈提供一个更为准确的检验标准,对照线圈的测试结果,用此程序计算的线圈I～E关系曲线与测试曲线吻合的较好.     

Mechanical systems in the quantum regime

Mechanical systems are ideal candidates for studying quantum behavior of macroscopic objects. To this end, a mechanical resonator has to be cooled to its ground state and its position has to be measured with great accuracy. Currently, various routes to reach these goals are being explored. In this review, we discuss different techniques for sensitive position detection and we give an overview of the cooling techniques that are being employed. The latter includes sideband cooling and active feedback cooling. The basic concepts that are important when measuring on mechanical systems with high accuracy and/or at very low temperatures, such as thermal and quantum noise, linear response theory, and backaction, are explained. From this, the quantum limit on linear position detection is obtained and the sensitivities that have been achieved in recent opto- and nanoelectromechanical experiments are compared to this limit. The mechanical resonators that are used in the experiments range from meter-sized gravitational wave detectors to nanomechanical systems that can only be read out using mesoscopic devices such as single-electron transistors or superconducting quantum interference devices. A special class of nanomechanical systems is bottom-up fabricated carbon-based devices, which have very high frequencies and yet a large zero-point motion, making them ideal for reaching the quantum regime. The mechanics of some of the different mechanical systems at the nanoscale is studied. We conclude this review with an outlook of how state-of-the-art mechanical resonators can be improved to study quantum mechanics.