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981.
A new theoretical model for thermal conductivity of nanofluids is developed incorporating effective medium theory, interfacial layer, particle aggregation and Brownian motion-induced convection from multiple nanoparticles/aggregates. The predicated result using aggregate size, which represents the particle size in the actual condition of nanofluids, fits well with the experimental data for water-, R113- and ethylene glycol (EG)-based nanofluids. The present model also gives much better predictions compared to the existing models. A parametric analysis, particularly particle aggregation, is conducted to investigate the dependence of effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids on the properties of nanoparticles and fluid. Aggregation is the main factor responsible for thermal conductivity enhancement. The dynamic contribution of Brownian motion on thermal conductivity enhancement is surpassed by that of static mechanisms, particularly at high volume fraction. Predication also indicated that the viscosity increases faster than the thermal conductivity, causing the highly aggregated nanofluids to become unfavourable, especially for df = 1.8. 相似文献
982.
Interpreting the conductive atomic force microscopy measured inhomogeneous nanoscale surface electrical properties of Al‐doped ZnO films
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In this work, conductive atomic force microscopy is used to study the inhomogeneous surface electrical conductivity of Al‐doped ZnO thin films at a nanoscale dimension. To this end, Al‐doped ZnO films were deposited onto the soda lime glass substrates at substrate temperature (Ts) varying from 303 to 673 K in radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The obtained local surface electrical conductivity values are found to be influenced by their bulk electrical resistivity, surface topography and tip geometry. Further, the average (local) surface conductivity from the film surface is found to increase with increasing Ts from 303 to 623 K, beyond which they decrease until 673 K. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
983.
Zhengjin Yang Rui Guo Richard Malpass‐Evans Mariolino Carta Neil B. McKeown Michael D. Guiver Liang Wu Tongwen Xu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(38):11499-11502
The development of polymeric anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs) combining high ion conductivity and long‐term stability is a major challenge for materials chemistry. AEMs with regularly distributed fixed cationic groups, based on the formation of microporous polymers containing the V‐shape rigid Tröger's base units, are reported for the first time. Despite their simple preparation, which involves only two synthetic steps using commercially available precursors, the polymers provide AEMs with exceptional hydroxide conductivity at relatively low ion‐exchange capacity, as well as a high swelling resistance and chemical stability. An unprecedented hydroxide conductivity of 164.4 mS cm?1 is obtained at a relatively a low ion‐exchange capacity of 0.82 mmol g?1 under optimal operating conditions. The exceptional anion conductivity appears related to the intrinsic microporosity of the charged polymer matrix, which facilitates rapid anion transport. 相似文献
984.
以4,4'-二氟二苯砜和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺为起始原料,经两步有机反应设计并合成了一种新型活性二氟砜单体:3,3'-双(苯氧基苯基)-4,4'-二氟二苯砜,并由该单体与4,4'-二氟二苯砜、4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮经亲核缩聚合成了侧链型聚芳醚砜聚合物(PAES-xx).通过较温和的后磺化反应,制得了一系列磺化聚芳醚砜质子交换膜(SPAES-xx).对所制侧链型聚芳醚砜质子交换膜的结构和性能分别进行了表征分析.结果表明,该类质子交换膜具有适中的吸水率和较好的尺寸稳定性,80℃时最高质子传导率达0.16 S/cm.此外,该类质子交换膜还具有良好的热稳定性和机械性能,起始分解温度约为250℃;膜的拉伸强度为29.5~42.0MPa,拉伸模量为0.62~1.23 GPa,断裂伸长率在9.0%~31.9%.磺化膜优良的综合性能主要归因于侧链磺化结构的引入和相分离结构的形成. 相似文献
985.
以聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)与双酚A型聚碳酸酯(PC)为基体、氧化铝(Al2O3)作为导热填料,通过熔融共混法制备了PBT/PC/Al_2O_3导热复合材料,采用亚磷酸三苯酯(TPPi)作为酯交换反应抑制剂调节材料中树脂基体的相态结构,并通过红外光谱分析(FTIR)、激光导热仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)及力学性能测试仪等对材料中的酯交换反应、导热性能、相态结构、结晶参数及力学性能进行了表征.实验结果表明,TPPi的加入可有效抑制体系中酯交换反应的发生,使PBT/PC共混物的相态结构改变,进而对填料的分布状态产生影响.当PBT/PC配比为1/1时,向其中加入1 wt%的TPPi可使体系的相态结构趋向于形成双连续相态结构,并有效提升材料的导热系数;在该体系中加入60 wt%的Al_2O_3后,材料的导热系数达到0.89 W/(m·K),相对于未加入TPPi的相同体系提升了13%. 相似文献
986.
Superior Electrical Conductivity in Hydrogenated Layered Ternary Chalcogenide Nanosheets for Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors
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Dr. Xin Hu Wei Shao Xudong Hang Dr. Xiaodong Zhang Prof. Wenguang Zhu Prof. Yi Xie 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(19):5733-5738
As the properties of ultrathin two‐dimensional (2D) crystals are strongly related to their electronic structures, more and more attempts were carried out to tune their electronic structures to meet the high standards for the construction of next‐generation smart electronics. Herein, for the first time, we show that the conductive nature of layered ternary chalcogenide with formula of Cu2WS4 can be switched from semiconducting to metallic by hydrogen incorporation, accompanied by a high increase in electrical conductivity. In detail, the room‐temperature electrical conductivity of hydrogenated‐Cu2WS4 nanosheet film was almost 1010 times higher than that of pristine bulk sample with a value of about 2.9×104 S m?1, which is among the best values for conductive 2D nanosheets. In addition, the metallicity in the hydrogenated‐Cu2WS4 is robust and can be retained under high‐temperature treatment. The fabricated all‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitor based on the hydrogenated‐Cu2WS4 nanosheet film shows promising electrochemical performances with capacitance of 583.3 F cm?3 at a current density of 0.31 A cm?3. This work not only offers a prototype material for the study of electronic structure regulation in 2D crystals, but also paves the way in searching for highly conductive electrodes. 相似文献
987.
Dr. Kenichi Kato Dr. Hidetaka Kasai Dr. Akihiro Hori Prof. Dr. Masaki Takata Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka Prof. Dr. Susumu Kitagawa Akira Kobayashi Dr. Nobuki Ozawa Prof. Dr. Momoji Kubo Dr. Hidekazu Arikawa Prof. Dr. Tatsuya Takeguchi Dr. Masaaki Sadakiyo Prof. Dr. Miho Yamauchi 《化学:亚洲杂志》2016,11(10):1537-1541
The layered P2‐NaxMO2 (M: transition metal) system has been widely recognized as electronic or mixed conductor. Here, we demonstrate that Co vacancies in P2‐NaxCoO2 created by hydrogen reductive elimination lead to an ionic conductivity of 0.045 S cm?1 at 25 °C. Using in situ synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, the composition of the superionic conduction phase is evaluated to be Na0.61(H3O)0.18Co0.93O2. Electromotive force measurements as well as molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the ion conducting species is proton rather than hydroxide ion. The fact that the Co‐stoichiometric compound Nax(H3O)yCoO2 does not exhibit any significant ionic conductivity proves that Co vacancies are essential for the occurrence of superionic conductivity. 相似文献
988.
Inside Cover: Superionic Conduction in Co‐Vacant P2‐NaxCoO2 Created by Hydrogen Reductive Elimination (Chem. Asian J. 10/2016)
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Dr. Kenichi Kato Dr. Hidetaka Kasai Dr. Akihiro Hori Prof. Dr. Masaki Takata Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Tanaka Prof. Dr. Susumu Kitagawa Akira Kobayashi Dr. Nobuki Ozawa Prof. Dr. Momoji Kubo Dr. Hidekazu Arikawa Prof. Dr. Tatsuya Takeguchi Dr. Masaaki Sadakiyo Prof. Dr. Miho Yamauchi 《化学:亚洲杂志》2016,11(10):1465-1465
989.
990.
Alexander V. Evteev Elena V. Levchenko Leila Momenzadeh Irina V. Belova Graeme E. Murch 《哲学杂志》2016,96(6):596-619
Using results of equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation in conjunction with the Green–Kubo formalism, we present a general treatment of thermal impedance of a crystal lattice with a monatomic unit cell. The treatment is based on an analytical expression for the heat current autocorrelation function which reveals, in a monatomic lattice, an energy gap between the origin of the phonon states and the beginning of the energy spectrum of the so-called acoustic short-range phonon modes. Although, we consider here the f.c.c. Al model as a case example, the analytical expression is shown to be consistent for different models of elemental f.c.c. crystals over a wide temperature range. Furthermore, we predict a frequency ‘window’ where the thermal waves can be generated in a monatomic lattice by an external periodic temperature perturbation. 相似文献