Analytical efficiency of the molecular rotational quantum echo

The sensitivity of the delay time of the molecular rotational quantum echo to change in the rotational constants of molecules was investigated with a model of the rotational quantum echo considered as an optically induced quantum synchronization of the Fourier rotational modes of an asymmetric molecular top. The J-echo and the K-echo were investigated for the A- and C-configurations of rotation of a top molecule. The contour maps of the dependence of the sensitivity of the delay time of these types of echo to changes in the rotational constants on the parameters of the molecular tops have been obtained for all the rotational constants. They show that the delay time of the rotational quantum echo is greatly dependent on the configuration of rotation of the top molecule and on the rotational constants. It is shown that the optical probing of the rotational quantum echo can also be performed by the optical rotation of the investigated molecule, and in this case the rotational force is dependent on the intramolecular orientation of the magnetic dipole moment. It was determined that a high sensitivity of the delay time of the echo to changes in the rotational constants can be responsible for the broadening of the echo pulse and even for its disappearance. Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70 F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus; e-mail: lssm@imaph.bas-net.by. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 758–764, November–December, 1999.     

Magic Echo Solid-State NMR Imaging without a Rapidly Switchable Field Gradient

To relax the high-speed requirement imposed on the gradient system used in solid-state proton imaging, we propose two simple modifications of the magic echo imaging sequence, TREV-16TS. In the first modification, the applied gradient is inverted in the middle of the RF irradiation; the second modification utilizes a sinusoidal gradient synchronized with the RF sequence. It is estimated by experiments that as long as the RF amplitude is at least about 10 times stronger than the resonance offset induced by the gradient, the spatial resolution is not degraded significantly by the line narrowing deterioration due to the gradient applied during the on-resonance RF irradiation. The modifications allow commercially available standard gradients to be used for the magic echo imaging of solids.     

Photon-echo detected nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Rare-earth-ion-doped crystals (REICs) have played an important role in quantum information processing due to their excellent coherent properties. In order to obtain the information regarding the hyperfine structures of the rare-earth ions in REICs, optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) techniques based on RF resonance and various optical detection methods are widely employed in previous works. Here we demonstrate a new method of NQR spectroscopy based on the photon-echo detection. The hyperfine spectra of the ground state (⁷F₀) and the optically-excited state (⁵D₀) of ¹⁵¹Eu³⁺ in Y₂SiO₅ at zero field are obtained. This method can determine the hyperfine splittings within the ground state and the optically-excited state and is shown to be robust against electrical noise. Our results provide an alternative way for optical detection of NMR and NQR with high signal-to-noise ratio.     

基于小波回声状态网络的混沌时间序列预测

混沌现象普遍存在于自然界及人类社会中,因此混沌时间序列预测具有重要意义. 提出了一种新的混沌时间序列预测模型------小波回声状态网络,该模型可以有效克服传统回声状态 网络模型中普遍存在的病态矩阵问题,提高了混沌时间序列预测精度.通过对Lorenz、含噪声Lorenz 及间歇式反应釜釜温三个时间序列的预测,将小波回声状态网络与传统回声状态网络进行了比较. 结果表明,小波回声状态网络与传统回声状态网络相比,预测精度提高一倍以上且预测结果更加稳定.     

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor nanorings with magnetic field and disorder - Influence on excitons and biexcitons

Linear and nonlinear optical absorption spectra are studied theoretically for semiconductor nanorings penetrated by a magnetic field. Due to the Aharanov-Bohm effect the spectral position as well as the oscillator strength of the exciton change periodically as function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the ring. In the nonlinear differential absorption spectra it is found that the magnetic field strongly modifies Coulomb many-body correlations. In particular, the magnetic-field-induced increase of the exciton binding energy is accompanied by a decrease of the biexciton binding energy. The persistence of these effects in the presence of energetic disorder is analyzed. Received 31 January 2001     

A modified PGSE for measuring diffusion in the presence of static magnetic field gradients

With a proper timing of pi pulses, it is possible to reduce the effect of the static internal magnetic field gradient on the measurement of diffusion with the pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE). A pulse sequence that in the first order eliminates the effect of weak internal static gradients in a standard PGSE experiment is introduced. The method should be applied in the cases, where strong and short magnetic gradient pulses are used to investigate the motion of liquid in heterogeneous samples with large susceptibility differences such as porous media.     

Cross-relaxation effects in stimulated-echo-type PGSE NMR experiments by bipolar and monopolar gradient pulses

Exchange of longitudinal spin polarization by dipolar cross relaxation between nonequivalent spins results in a modulation of the stimulated echo signal on increasing the encoding/decoding delays and in a multiexponential decay on increasing the diffusion time. These artifacts are suppressed by 180° pulses inserted in the middle of the gradient encoding/decoding periods. The efficiency of the gradient encoding is preserved if bipolar gradient pulses are used instead of monopolar pulses. The behavior of the different pulse sequences is demonstrated by ¹⁹F PGSE NMR experiments in a lyotropic liquid crystal in both isotropic micellar and oriented nematic phases.     

Second-Order Echo Signals in Two-Pulse Delayed Nutation

Nonstationary magnetic nutation signals of the second-order echo that occur during the effect of a resonance radiofrequency pulse of length t ₂ on a two-level inhomogeneously broadened spin system preliminarily excited by a pulse of length t ₁ < t ₂ have been studied theoretically. It has been found that in contrast to the delayed nutation echo whose formation is attributed to the restoration of the longitudinal magnetization that arose by the end of the first pulse, these signals result from the reversal in time of three effective signals of free precession generated after the termination of the first pulse. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained in NMR of protons in glycerin. A conclusion on the validity of the theorem of coherent transient processes occurring in two-level systems in the presence of an exciting field is drawn.     

Improved Spin-Echo-Edited NMR Diffusion Measurements

The need for simple and robust schemes for the analysis of ligand-protein binding has resulted in the development of diffusion-based NMR techniques that can be used to assay binding in protein solutions containing a mixture of several ligands. As a means of gaining spectral selectivity in NMR diffusion measurements, a simple experiment, the gradient modified spin-echo (GOSE), has been developed to reject the resonances of coupled spins and detect only the singlets in the (1)H NMR spectrum. This is accomplished by first using a spin echo to null the resonances of the coupled spins. Following the spin echo, the singlet magnetization is flipped out of the transverse plane and a dephasing gradient is applied to reduce the spectral artifacts resulting from incomplete cancellation of the J-coupled resonances. The resulting modular sequence is combined here with the BPPSTE pulse sequence; however, it could be easily incorporated into any pulse sequence where additional spectral selectivity is desired. Results obtained with the GOSE-BPPSTE pulse sequence are compared with those obtained with the BPPSTE and CPMG-BPPSTE experiments for a mixture containing the ligands resorcinol and tryptophan in a solution of human serum albumin.     

定向结晶合金材料全部工程弹性常数的超声测定

采用超声脉冲回波重合法（ＰｕｌｓｅＥｃｈｏＯｖｅｒｌａｐ）对一种定向结晶耐高温合金材料进行了研究，精确测试了该材料中沿不同方向传播的超声纵波及横波的声速，计算出慢度曲线，并确定了材料的全部工程弹性常数．通过对工程弹性常数及慢度曲线对材料进行评价，为其工程应用提供重要依据