非保守动力学系统Noether对称性的摄动与绝热不变量

基于非保守系统的El-Nabulsi动力学模型, 研究了非保守动力学系统Noether对称性的摄动与绝热不变量问题.首先, 引入El-Nabulsi在分数阶微积分框架下基于Riemann-Liouville分数阶积分提出的类分数阶变分问题, 列出非保守系统的Euler-Lagrange方程; 其次, 给出了Noether准对称变换的定义和判据, 建立了Noether对称性与不变量之间的关系, 得到了精确不变量; 最后, 提出并研究了该系统受小扰动作用后Noether对称性的摄动与绝热不变量问题, 证明了绝热不变量存在的条件及形式, 并举例证明结果的应用. 关键词： 非保守系统 El-Nabulsi动力学模型 对称性摄动 绝热不变量     

Thermal noise limit in measuring the gravitational constant G using the angular acceleration method and the dynamic deflection method

A general comparison is made between two methods of measuring the gravitational constant G. The angular acceleration method can avoid the anelasticity effect since the torsion fiber is not twisted. The dynamic deflection method is similar in principle but it does not use feedback, therefore a major noise introduced by the feedback control system in the angular acceleration method can be avoided. Both methods have their advantages and can be performed with the same device. Based on different expressions of G, we have expressed the signal-to-noise ratio and calculated the thermal noise limit for both methods. In order to get a lower thermal noise limit, the dynamic deflection method should avoid resonance.     

Estimation of the total population moving into and out of the 20 km evacuation zone during the Fukushima NPP accident as calculated using “Auto-GPS” mobile phone data

The first objective data showing the geographical locations of people in Fukushima after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident, obtained by an analysis of GPS (Global Positioning System)-enabled mobile phone logs, are presented. The method of estimation is explained, and the flow of people into and out of the 20 km evacuation zone during the accident is visualized.     

The equation of state of the hard-disc fluid revisited

Some points about the search for analytical expressions for the equation of state of the hard-disc fluid are discussed in the light of the most recent advances in the field. New and accurate equations of state for this fluid are proposed.     

Computational studies on cyclic [n]paraphenyleneacetylenes using homodesmotic reactions

Cyclic [n]paraphenyleneacetylenes ([n]CPPAs) are potentially useful compounds for molecular electronics. In this article, a homodesmotic reaction scheme coupled with density functional theory has been used to estimate theoretically strain energies and heats of formation of [n]CPPAs. Calculations have been done for a series of [n]CPPAs, containing up to ten phenylacetylene units. Strain energies of [n]CPPAs decrease, while heats of formation increase steadily with the increase in the number of phenylacetylene units using homodesmotic reaction schemes. B3LYP and mPW1PW91 functionals have been used with the Pople basis set 6-31G* to analyze the trends. The results are sensitive to the scheme of homodesmotic reaction chosen, thereby necessitating careful chemical consideration before spending considerable computational resources for higher [n]CPPAs not considered here. Computational estimates for the ring diameter of [n]CPPAs and absolute entropy have also been obtained here. The HOMO-LUMO gaps of the belt shaped [n]CPPAs show an odd–even difference. In addition, the HOMOs of the [3]CPPA, [5]CPPA, [7]CPPA and [9]CPPA are doubly degenerate.     

Enhancement of High-Order Harmonic Emission and Isolated 7-as Pulse Generation with Rydberg Atoms by Using a Two-Color Laser Field

An efficient method to enhance the harmonic efficiency and generate an isolated attosecond pulse is proposed by preparing the initial state as a coherent superposition of the ground state and a Rydberg state in a two-color laser field. By numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we found that for the superposition state with the optimal Rydberg state, not only is the harmonic efficiency enhanced significantly, but also the width of the continuous spectrum is extended. The ionization probability and the time-frequency distribution of the harmonic spectrum are also calculated to understand the physical origin of the enhancement of the harmonic spectrum. In addition, by adjusting the parameter of the laser pulse, a supercontinuum with both higher conversion efficiency and slighter modulation can be observed. As a result, an isolated 7-as pulse with a bandwidth of 495 eV can be obtained after phase compensation.     

介质极化的瞬时相位与振幅

求解电子运动的二阶微分方程，在旋转波近似下，介质在外场突然变化时产生的瞬态感应极化与外场同频，但相位总是落后，最大落后为π/2；振幅大小与初态有关，随时间按指数规律衰减，衰减快慢由介质的阻尼系数决定。     

高能e+e－湮没强子多重数的质量关系

利用一个描述强子质量谱成功的夸克模型确定出得到的强子多重数普适质量关系〈n〉=aexp(–bm)中的参数b,发现对于介子、重子是一个普适的常数.利用这个质量公式给出计算各种粒子多重数的表达式,进而以高能e⁺e^－湮没为例计算出各种粒子多重数与实验以及其他模型做了比较,表明这个没有任何假定的质量关系同样能够解释实验.