Bifunctional maleimide dyes as selective anion sensors

A class of disubstituted maleimide dyes with two symmetrical NH binding sites was found to exhibit distinct color change and fluorescence quenching effect for fluoride, cyanide, and dihydrogen phosphate anions. The intense red emission displayed apparent solvatochromic shift, indicating a strong charge-transfer character. The interactions between the dyes and anions were variable depending on the amine substituents at C(3,4) of the maleimides. For the dyes with two pyrrolyl receptor sites, the NH protons were deprotonated by more basic anions such as fluoride or cyanide. For those with two indolyl receptor sites, formation of a chelate with H₂PO₄⁻ through hydrogen bonds played a major role.     

The use of 6-carboxynaphthofluorescein phosphoramidite in the automated synthesis of quencher-dye oligonucleotide probes (QDOPs)

Real-time detection and quantitation of specific amplicons have been achieved using quencher and dye-labeled oligonucleotides such as molecular beacons. The molecular beacon molecule has a fluorescent reporter dye at the 5′-end and a quencher at the 3′-end. When the closed molecular beacon is excited by irradiation, the reporter fluorescence is greatly reduced by quenching through the process of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. When the molecular beacon hybridizes to the target, the stem loop opens making the fluorophore and quencher spatially distinct, thus increasing the reporter dye fluorescence intensity. Labeling of dyes to 5′-end of oligonucleotides has been done typically using manual methods, it is possible to do manual coupling at the milligram scale. Described here is the development of a scalable process for oligonucleotide labeling, which is robust, and has been achieved for 6-carboxynaphthofluorescein by connecting it to a corresponding phosphoramidite [Theisen, P.; McCollum, C.; Upadhya, K.; Jacobson. K.; Vu, H.; Andrus, A.; Tetrahedron Lett.1992, 33, 5033-5036].     

Key Factors Regarding Decolorization of Synthetic Anthraquinone and Azo Dyes

The factors affecting decolorization of anthraquinone dye represented by Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) and azo dye represented by Methyl Orange (MO) were studied in batch experiments under mesophilic (35 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) anaerobic conditions. The results indicated differences in decolorization properties of the dyes with different chromophore structures. In abiotic conditions, MO could be decolorized by a physicochemical reaction when it was sterilized at 121 °C together with sludge cells or glucose. RB4 only showed absorption onto the cell mass. The presence of a redox mediator accelerated the decolorizing reaction when supplied together with glucose in the presence of sterilized sludge cells. In biotic conditions, the results indicated that the biological activity of microorganisms was an important factor in decolorization. The main factor involved in decolorization was the conversion of cosubstrate as electron donor, which reacted with dye as an electron acceptor in electron transfer. Redox mediators, anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid, and anthraquinone could accelerate decolorization even if a small amount (0.2 mM) was applied. On the other hand, a high concentration of redox mediator (1.0 mM) had an inhibitory effect on decolorization especially under thermophilic conditions. In addition, the decolorization of dye was accelerated by increasing treatment temperature, as shown in biotic treatments. Based on these results, increasing the treatment temperature could be used to improve the decolorizing process of textile dye wastewater treatment, especially for recalcitrant dyes such as anthraquinone.     

近红外菁染料敏化的准固态太阳电池的光电化学研究

一个新型的近红外五甲川菁染料敏化剂(Cy)通过3,3-二甲基-1-乙基-2-[4-(N-苯乙酰氨基]-1,3-丁二烯-1-基]-3H-苯并[e]吲哚碘盐和5-羧基-1-丁基-2,3,3-三甲基-3H-吲哚碘盐的Knoevenagel缩合反应合成, 其结构用核磁、质谱和紫外等方法进行了确定; 使用疏水性气相法纳米SiO2 R974固化1-丁基-3-丙基咪唑碘离子液体制备了一种新的准固态电解质, 将其应用于菁染料(Cy)敏化的太阳电池, 对该染料敏化的准固态太阳电池的光电化学性能进行了研究. 在AM1.5G标准光源下, 得到1.49%的光电转换效率. 此方法对拓展准固态染料敏化太阳电池的研究具有一定的意义.     

新型5-氟尿嘧啶-吲哚菁染料偶合物的合成

以抗癌药5-氟尿嘧啶和近红外荧光探针IR780和IR783为原料,经取代、乙酸化和酰胺化反应合成了两种新型的双效抗肿瘤药物5-FU-780和5-FU-783,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和HR-MS表征。     

苯乙烯喹啉衍生物的合成及其光谱性质

报道了一种苯乙烯基喹啉衍生物的合成新方法。将10 mmol苯胺溶于10 mL 6 mol·L-1盐酸中,加热至100 ℃,搅拌下缓慢滴加丁烯醛(20 mmol)的甲苯溶液8 mL,100 ℃反应3 h生成中间体2-甲基喹啉;2-甲基喹啉(10 mmol)再同芳香醛(12 mmol)衍生物在冰醋酸(15 mL)中回流8 h合成八个苯乙烯喹啉衍生物,产率71%～88%,该方法操作简便、便于纯化、产率较高、环境友好。合成的衍生物进行MS,1HNMR,IR结构表征,红外图谱在960～980 cm-1间出现中等强度的吸收峰,核磁图谱中烯碳上氢的邻位偶合常数在12～18 Hz之间,表明结构中的碳碳双键为反式构型。测定了八个衍生物在CH₃OH,DMSO,THF和DMF等四种溶剂中的最大吸收波长,将最大吸收波长作激发波长,测定了其发射波长。结果表明：苯乙烯喹啉衍生物的最大吸收波长为325～376 nm,发射波长为367～477 nm,摩尔消光系数为1.738×104～4.578×104 L·mol-1·cm-1。含甲氧基、羟基、苄基的衍生物的最大吸收波长和发射波长大于其他化合物。衍生物在不同溶剂中的最大吸收波长变化微弱,发射波长变化明显,表现为DMSO>DMF>CH₃OH>THF,表明同一种化合物在非质子溶剂中的斯托克斯位移值大于质子溶剂。2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基)苯乙烯基喹啉(化合物Ⅱ)的荧光性质最好,斯托克斯位移值最大,有进一步研究的价值。     

造纸污泥活性炭在催化臭氧氧化降解橙黄Ⅱ中的应用研究

采用化学活化法将造纸污泥制备成活性炭,运用SEM、BET、EDS、FT-IR等常规表征技术分析其理化性质,再将制备的污泥活性炭作为催化剂,应用于催化臭氧氧化降解橙黄Ⅱ模拟染料废水,并考察不同因素对橙黄Ⅱ降解效果的影响,探究污泥活性炭催化臭氧氧化橙黄Ⅱ的反应机理.结果表明:(1)造纸污泥活性炭的理想制备条件为:原污泥与氯化锌质量比为1∶2,活化时间为12h,炭化温度为600℃,炭化时间为60min.(2)在污泥活性炭催化臭氧体系中,污泥活性炭投加量和臭氧流量的增加有利于橙黄Ⅱ去除率的提高,但随着溶液初始pH值的增大,橙黄Ⅱ去除率降低.     

电沉积法制备固态染料敏化太阳能电池

本文采用一步电化学沉积的方法在导电玻璃上先后沉积了ZnO/染料复合薄膜以及CuSCN薄层,实现仅以电沉积法制备结构为ZnO/染料/CuSCN的固态染料敏化太阳能电池,电池的光电转换效率达到0.1%.在电沉积CuSCN前,脱附电沉积制备的ZnO/染料复合薄膜中的染料以形成多孔ZnO薄膜,然后通过染料再吸附得到染料敏化ZnO纳晶多孔薄膜.在电沉积过程中,ZnO和CuSCN的晶体尺寸、晶体取向和膜层形貌都可以进行比较精准的控制.探讨了影响沉积薄膜形貌和光电转换效率的因素,如旋转圆盘电极的旋转速度、电沉积温度以及染料敏化剂的选择.本文报道的低温电沉积制备全固态太阳能电池的方法为制备柔性染料敏化太阳能电池提供了一种新的思路.     

苝酰亚胺接枝纤维素的合成与染料吸附性能

合成了一种新型苝酰亚胺接枝纤维素材料3,通过元素分析、红外、扫描电子显微镜等技术手段证明了其结构。 染料吸附实验表明其对所测试的4种染料分子（橙黄G,亮丽春红,亚甲基蓝和结晶紫）均有较好的吸附能力,吸附容量分别达到1.04、1.21、1.14和0.96 mmol/g。 吸附过程符合拟二阶动力学模型和Langmuir等温方程,吸附过程是自发放热的。 在pH值2~12范围内,聚合物3的吸附性能保持基本稳定。 由吸附实验结果推测,静电作用、氢键和π-π堆积均在吸附过程中有重要作用。     

中位取代苯硼酸的含稠合外环的硼-二吡咯亚甲基染料类单糖荧光探针的合成与性能

以环己烯为起始原料,首先经过两步改进的合成方法制备出2-乙氧羰基-3,4-四亚甲基吡咯,并用过量氢化铝锂将其高温还原得到2-甲基-3,4-四亚甲基吡咯,后者与被保护的4-甲醛基苯硼酸在三氟乙酸的催化作用下发生缩合反应,用2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(DDQ)氧化并依次用三乙胺和三氟化硼-乙醚处理后,得到一种新型的中位取代苯硼酸的含稠合外环的硼-二吡咯亚甲基类(BDP)染料衍生物。 通过紫外-可见吸收光谱及荧光光谱滴定方法,研究了该染料在特定pH值下对D-果糖、D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖等3种单糖的响应能力,上述3种单糖与BDP染料衍生物的键合既表现在吸收光谱上,也表现在荧光发射光谱上,并且通过对荧光滴定数据的非线性拟合分析,BDP染料衍生物1与D-果糖、D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖的结合常数分别为1045、445和130 L/mol。 因此该染料衍生物作为单糖的荧光探针,具有灵敏度高、选择性较好等优点;另外,还初步探讨了该荧光探针的传感机理。