用X射线荧光光谱法测定钻井泥浆中的总铬

本文研究了用Ｘ射线荧光法对钻井泥浆中总铬的测定。由于钻井泥浆的种类繁多，使得试样的基本不同，所测的Ｘ射线荧光强度也随之变化，所以必须作出相应的校正。     

软地层随钻测井仪器偏心情况下低频四极子源 激发波场的数值分析*

为了探索测井仪器偏心对随钻低频四极子波场的影响,利用有限元法(多物理场耦合有限元软件包)对软地层井孔中随钻仪器偏心情况下低频四极子声源激发的波场进行了数值模拟。通过对随钻四极子测井波形的分析可知,当采用低频随钻四极子偏心声源激发时,测井波列中除传播速度与低速地层横波速度相当的地层四极子波模式外,还存在一个幅度非常低、传播速度略高于井孔流体中声速的模式波,该模式被对应钻铤弯曲波模式,且该模式波的幅度随着随钻四极子源偏离井孔中心距离的增大呈二次方规律增大,地层四极子模式波幅度呈三次方规律增加。     

Meshfree isoparametric finite point interpolation method (IFPIM) with weak and strong forms for evaporative laser drilling

An isoparametric finite point interpolation method (IFPIM) with weak and strong forms has been developed to analyze evaporative laser drilling. The method is based on isoparametric finite point representation of the unknowns in the influence domain. The local influence domains are mapped onto a master domain where the shape functions and their derivatives are known. The solution in the master domain is approximated by a linear combination of shape functions. The present method employs a simple strong form in the domain and a weak form on the boundary. Three different types of boundary conditions considered are of essential, convection, and laser irradiation type. The problem is geometrically nonlinear because the domain is not known a priori due to material removal in drilling. An iterative scheme is used to solve the nonlinear problem. The material removal is handled by redistributing points in the domain. This renders the point distribution non-uniform as in random distribution. The numerical results show excellent agreement with those by FEM and BEM in terms of groove shape, temperature and heat flux distributions, and amount of material removal. The results are superior to those from the isoparametric finite point interpolation methods with only strong forms.     

页岩油气高效开发中的基础理论与关键力学问题

我国页岩油气开发刚刚起步,许多基础理论和关键科学（力学）问题亟需明确和解决．本文按页岩油气开发的全过程自然地将其分为四个相互关联的科学问题展开介绍和讨论,包括：页岩工程地质力学特征与预测理论,地质力学找到气;多重耦合下的页岩油气安全钻井完井理论,钻井完井够到气;页岩地层动态随机裂缝控制机理与新概念压裂理论,体积压裂释放气;页岩油气多尺度渗流特征与开采理论,解吸运移产出气．本文提出用水力压裂创造页岩传气能力,用气体二次压裂页岩基质来解决气源问题,实现水力压裂创造的页岩传气能力与页岩基质气体供应能力相匹配,避免“断气”现象发生,最终达到页岩气可持续性开采．解决这些关键科学（力学）问题可以为页岩油气高效开发奠定可靠的基础,具有重要的理论意义和应用前景．     

钻进速度对钻杆扭矩影响的理论分析与试验研究

利用钻杆扭矩法预测冲击地压等煤矿动力灾害时,钻进速度是影响钻杆扭矩的一个重要因素。研究钻进速度对钻杆扭矩的影响可以减少预测指标的误差,提高预测准确性。利用自主研发的钻杆扭矩测试装置,对预制煤体相似材料试件进行了不同钻进速度下的钻孔试验,研究了不同钻进速度对钻杆扭矩变化的影响规律。试验结果表明:钻进速度对钻杆扭矩影响很大。同种煤岩体材料,相同压力条件下,钻进速度越快,钻杆扭矩越大,反之,钻杆扭矩越小。上述研究成果可用于减少预测指标误差。     

Fibre swelling during laser drilling of carbon fibre composites

Fine holes have been laser-drilled in bundles of carbon fibres, using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (). Examination of the drilled fibres showed that some were significantly swollen, with diameter increases up to 60%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy have been used to investigate the effects of fibre type on the extent of laser-induced fibre swelling. It has been established that extensive swelling only occurred with low-modulus, poly acrylo-nitrile (PAN)-based fibres. Based on the Raman spectra obtained from both as-received and laser-drilled fibres, the swelling mechanism is attributed to simultaneous structural rearrangement and rapid, heating-induced volatilisation of impurities. A prior heat treatment was found to reduce the laser-induced swelling in low-modulus fibres. A 2D numerical heat flow model has been used to investigate the thermal fields generated during laser drilling of carbon fibres, and this information is correlated with the observed effects and the proposed swelling mechanism.     

石油钻井旋转导向实验转台测试系统设计

设计了一种实验转台测试系统,主要用于在实验室环境下验证石油钻井旋转导向工具可行性并测试其性能参数。提出了总体方案,设计并完成了系统的关键组成部分：两轴手动转台、合力测试仪、惯性测量模块、信号处理系统,完成了计算参数和姿态误差角测试实验。实验结果表明,所设计的各部分工作正常,满足系统的总体要求。这为将来石油钻井导向工具的井下实验打下很好的基础。     

发动机缸体铸铁件消应热处理工艺的评价

发动机缸体铸铁件生产过程中产生的铸造残余应力需要采取合适的热处理工艺消除,缸体热处理前后的残余应力变化情况可用于评价热处理工艺的有效性.文中首次采用压痕应变法与深孔法相结合,分别测量发动机缸体表面与内部残余应力分布规律,综合评价了发动机缸体铸铁件热处理前后的残余应力水平.两种不同型号缸体热处理前后残余应力测量结果表明,目前的热处理工艺并不能有效降低残余应力峰值,该热处理工艺需要进一步优化调整或考虑取消现有的热处理工艺方案.     

The synthesis of trimeric comb-type nonionic surfactants and their application in microemulsion flushing fluid

In order to effectively remove the oil-based drilling that remains on the wall of a well and improve the quality of well cementation, flushing fluid must be used to clean it. Due to its excellent flushing effect, microemulsion flushing fluid has been a hot area of research in recent years; the application, however, is limited because of its poor resistance to temperature. In this paper, for the purpose of enhancing the temperature resistance of microemulsion flushing fluid, a new type of comb-shaped trimeric nonionic surfactants N,N-bis(2-stearamidoethyl) stearamide was synthesized, and an anionic–nonionic surfactants composite oil-in-water microemulsion flushing fluid (ANC-MEFF in short) to flush the oil-based drilling was formed. Studies have shown that it has a good flushing effect on oil-based drilling between 20 and 160°C, and its flushing efficiency can reach 93% or even higher. Compared with the CW210L organic phosphorus flushing fluid (Number 1 in short), the flushing efficiency increased by about 20?~?40%, while the microemulsion flushing fluid formed by OP-10 (Number 2 in short) increased by 30% in high temperature, with the application temperature ranging from 20?~?60 to 20?~?160°C, respectively. Additionally, it was found that the microemulsion flushing fluid can make the borehole wall and casing wall change from “oil-wet” into “water-wet”, which is conducive to promoting the quality of cementation between the first and second interfaces intuitively.     

水中薄片激光打孔反常现象的分析

 在其它条件相同的情况下，水中激光在金属薄片上的打孔效率远高于空气中的打孔效率。采用自行研制的基于光偏转原理的力学传感器，分别测量了激光在空气和水中烧蚀薄片时薄片表面所受的力。实验结果表明，激光在空气中烧蚀薄片时，靶材仅受到烧蚀力的作用，而在水中打靶时，靶受到烧蚀力和两次射流冲力等综合作用，且水中的三次冲力在幅值和持续时间均远大于空气中靶材所受的冲力，并用扫描电子显微镜观察了孔的形貌，进而分析了水下激光打孔效率远高于空气中打孔效率的机制。