Adjoints of rationally induced composition operators

We give an elementary proof of a formula recently obtained by Hammond, Moorhouse, and Robbins for the adjoint of a rationally induced composition operator on the Hardy space H² [Christopher Hammond, Jennifer Moorhouse, Marian E. Robbins, Adjoints of composition operators with rational symbol, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 341 (2008) 626-639]. We discuss some variants and implications of this formula, and use it to provide a sufficient condition for a rationally induced composition operator adjoint to be a compact perturbation of a weighted composition operator.     

Discrete Symmetry Breaking for Certain Short-Range Interactions

Georgii's theorem ensures that, restricted to two-dimensional planes, a single ocean (i.e., infinite connected component) of a ground state and islands (i.e., finite connected components) are observed in lattice spin systems at sufficiently low temperature. This paper extends his results for higher dimensional hyperplanes. Our proof is mainly based on a kind of Peierls argument and is different from Georgii's, which relies on the percolation method.     

A simple characterization of weighted Sobolev spaces with bounded multiplication operator

In this paper we give a simple characterization of weighted Sobolev spaces (with piecewise monotone weights) such that the multiplication operator is bounded: it is bounded if and only if the support of μ₀ is large enough. We also prove some basic properties of the appropriate weighted Sobolev spaces. To have bounded multiplication operator has important consequences in Approximation Theory: it implies the uniform bound of the zeros of the corresponding Sobolev orthogonal polynomials, and this fact allows to obtain the asymptotic behavior of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials.     

Smoothness of solutions of almost hypoelliptic equations

A two-dimensional linear differential operator P(D) = P(D ₁, D ₂) is called almost hypoelliptic if all derivatives D ^α P of the characteristic polynomial P(ζ) = P(ζ ₁, ζ ₂) are estimated by P(ζ). Assuming that {Ω _κ = (x ₁, x ₂) ∈ E ² : |x ₁| < κ, x ₂ ∈ R ¹}, the paper proves that if the width κ of the strip Ω _κ exceeds some C = C(P) > 0, then all solutions {u} of the almost hypoelliptic equation P(D)u = 0 in a Sobolev space are infinitely smooth functions with respect to x ₁.     

Rigidity and regularity in group actions

Some new results on the rigidity of automorphism groups and the regularity of(?)-Neumann operator in group actions are presented.     

Poincaré like inequalities for semigroups, cosine and sine operator functions

Here we present Poincaré type general L _p inequalities regarding semigroups, cosine and sine operator functions.     

Hyponormality of Toeplitz operators with generalized circulant symbols

In this paper we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for Toeplitz operators with generalized circulant symbols to be hyponormal.     

Randomly chosen chaotic maps can give rise to nearly ordered behavior

Parrondo’s paradox [J.M.R. Parrondo, G.P. Harmer, D. Abbott, New paradoxical games based on Brownian ratchets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000), 5226–5229] (see also [O.E. Percus, J.K. Percus, Can two wrongs make a right? Coin-tossing games and Parrondo’s paradox, Math. Intelligencer 24 (3) (2002) 68–72]) states that two losing gambling games when combined one after the other (either deterministically or randomly) can result in a winning game: that is, a losing game followed by a losing game = a winning game. Inspired by this paradox, a recent study [J. Almeida, D. Peralta-Salas, M. Romera, Can two chaotic systems give rise to order? Physica D 200 (2005) 124–132] asked an analogous question in discrete time dynamical system: can two chaotic systems give rise to order, namely can they be combined into another dynamical system which does not behave chaotically? Numerical evidence is provided in [J. Almeida, D. Peralta-Salas, M. Romera, Can two chaotic systems give rise to order? Physica D 200 (2005) 124–132] that two chaotic quadratic maps, when composed with each other, create a new dynamical system which has a stable period orbit. The question of what happens in the case of random composition of maps is posed in [J. Almeida, D. Peralta-Salas, M. Romera, Can two chaotic systems give rise to order? Physica D 200 (2005) 124–132] but left unanswered. In this note we present an example of a dynamical system where, at each iteration, a map is chosen in a probabilistic manner from a collection of chaotic maps. The resulting random map is proved to have an infinite absolutely continuous invariant measure (acim) with spikes at two points. From this we show that the dynamics behaves in a nearly ordered manner. When the foregoing maps are applied one after the other, deterministically as in [O.E. Percus, J.K. Percus, Can two wrongs make a right? Coin-tossing games and Parrondo’s paradox, Math. Intelligencer 24 (3) (2002) 68–72], the resulting composed map has a periodic orbit which is stable.     

Racah operators for the group of motions

The author [5] introduced Racah operators for unitary representations of topological groups of type I. In the present paper, we indicate the explicit form of these operators for representations of the group of motions of three-dimensional Euclidean space.