生物检材中乌头类生物碱的检验

 用薄层 (TLC)、高效液相 光电二极管阵列检测器 (HPLC/DAD)、动物实验等方法对生物检材中乌头生物碱进行检验 ,并对这些方法进行比较。结果发现 ,TLC法为此类药物检验筛选的首选方法 ,最小检出量为 0 3μg。在进行HPLC检测时 ,以乌头生物碱的特征紫外吸收光谱和动物实验结果为重要的定性手段 ,其特征吸收波长为 (2 2 8± 2 )nm和 (2 75± 2 )nm。乌头生物碱在 2mg/L～ 5 0mg/L时其峰面积与质量浓度有很好的线性 ,相关系数为 0 9996。经实际案件证明 ,方法准确、灵敏 ,可用于生物检材中乌头类生物碱的检验。     

Design of experimental routes and data processing for the determination of the depth-distribution of energy in real solids

No adequate thermodynamic definition of non-equilibrated solids is available at present. In this paper a method is suggested for the energetic characterization of solids by estimation of the distribution of the differential molar internal energies — as they appear during the breakdown of sample e.g. by chemical reaction, i.e. the ‘depth distribution of differential energies’ (DDE) of samples. Thermodynamic considerations are presented for approximating this quantity — and experimental possibilities proposed to attain the needed input information by thermoanalytical methods. Application of the suggested procedure is supposed to contribute to the better understanding of structure — energy — reactivity relations in real solids.     

Kinetic parameters of the In(III)/In(I) electrode reaction in bromide medium

The electrode kinetic parameters of the In(III)/In(I) couple in acidic 4M bromide solution have been determined by means of the rotating disc electrode technique.

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Die elektrochemisch-kinetischen Parameter des In(III)/In(I)-Redoxsystems in Bromidlösung (Kurze Mitteilung)

Zusammenfassung Die elektrochemisch-kinetischen Parameter am In(III)/In(I)-Redoxsystem wurden in saurer 4-M-Bromidlösung mittels der rotierenden Scheibenelektrode bestimmt.

     

Modeling research in low-medium temperature geothermal field, Tianjin

The geothermal reservoir in Tianjin can be divided into two parts: the upper one is theporous medium reservoir in the Tertiary system; the lower one includes the basement reservoir inLower Paleozoic and Middle-Upper Proterozoic. Hot springs are exposed in the northern mountainand confined geothermal water is imbedded in the southern plain. The geothermal reservoir is in-cised by several fractures. In recent years, TDS of the geothermal water have gone up along withthe production rate increasing, along the eastern fracture zone (Cangdong Fracture and West Bai-tangkou Fracture). This means that the northern fracture system is the main seepage channel ofthe deep circulation geothermal water, and the reservoir has good connection in a certain area anddefinite direction. The isotopic research about hydrogen and carbon chronology indicates that themain recharge period of geothermal water is the Holocene Epoch, the pluvial and chilly period of20 kaBP. The karst conduits in weathered carbonate rocks of the Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoicand the northeast regional fracture system are the main feeding channels of Tianjin geothermalwater. Since the Holocene epoch, the geothermal water stayed at a sealed warm period. Thetracer test in WR45 doublet system shows that the tracer test is a very effective measure forunderstanding the reservoir's transport nature and predicting the cooling time and transportvelocity during the reinjection. 3-D numerical simulation shows that if the reinjection well keeps asuitable distance from the production well, reinjection will be a highly effective measure to extractmore thermal energy from the rock matrix. The cooling of the production well will not be a problem.     

Characterisation of inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase by an automated amperometric flow-injection system

Acetylcholinesterase was immobilised on magnetic particles and integrated in a flow-injection system via a magnetic reactor. Enzyme activity was determined amperometrically using acetylthiocholine chloride as enzyme substrate. This system was applied to enzyme inhibition tests. Inhibition constants and lower detection limits were determined for carbofuran, paraoxon, malaoxon and paraoxon-methyl. The resulting data were compared to those obtained with a photometric test, i.e. the determination of thiocholine via its reaction with the Ellman's reagent 5,5'-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid using the same flow system. As they correlated well to those reported for the native enzyme the flow-injection analysis device can be applied to automated determination and characterisation of enzyme inhibitors.     

Investigation of the limitations of saturated fractional factorial experimental designs,with confounding effects for an HPLC ruggedness test

Summary Recently much attention has been directed to the validation of analytical methods. The level of validation will depend on the method application. If a method is developed for general use, for instance by different analysts, instruments or laboratories, then the effect of these changes need evaluation. This is normally referred to as ruggedness testing, where the limitations of the method to changes in the specified conditions are examined.This paper examines the use of Plackett-Burman fractional factorial experiment designs for ruggedness testing in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ability of these designs to identify confounding effects is applied to the stability indicating analysis of Salbutamol and its major degradation product, AH4045. The results show that confounding effects, proving extremely pertinent to HPLC, can be identified.The assay proved rugged to most tested changes although not to the use of column packing material from different manufacturers.     

标准圆筒试验技术与数据处理方法研究

 对标准圆筒试验技术与数据处理方法进行了深入研究,在狭缝扫描实验中建立了新型、高效的照明技术、底片判读方法以及数据处理方法,得到了精度高、信息丰富的圆筒壁质点上的位移、速度、加速度和比动能结果。同时,通过VISAR技术直接测量了圆筒外表面径向膨胀速度-时间曲线,进而积分得到位移-时间曲线,与狭缝扫描结果相互印证和补充,进一步提高了测试可靠性。     

新型皮肤摩擦特性测量装置的实验研究

研制出新型皮肤摩擦特性测量装置并用于测量人及动物体内、外皮肤的摩擦特性,在不同试验参数下测定了皮肤与假肢接受腔材料之间的摩擦系数.结果表明:该装置法向加载精度高达99.59%;在相同试验条件下测得猪体外皮肤摩擦系数的重复性较好;在人体上、下肢不同部位,只有手掌部位皮肤与其它部位的摩擦系数有显著性差异(P＜0.005);在控制法向载荷和往复移动频率2种模式下得到兔体内皮肤摩擦系数的试验结果具有可比性,摩擦系数随着法向载荷的增加而降低,随着往复移动频率的增加而增大;用该装置摩擦前后其皮肤组织结构有明显变化.     

Assessment of Chemical Composition and Anti-Penicillium Activity of Vapours of Essential Oils from Abies Alba and Two Melaleuca Species in Food Model Systems

The possibilities of the practical utilization of essential oils (EOs) from various plant species in the food industry have attracted the attention of the scientific community. Following our previous studies, the antifungal activities of three further commercial EOs, Melaleuca armillaris subsp. armillaris (rosalina; REO), Melaleuca quinquenervia (niaouli; NEO), and Abies alba (fir; FEO), were evaluated in the present research in respect to their chemical profiles, over four different concentrations, 62.5 μL/L, 125 μL/L, 250 μL/L, and 500 μL/L. The findings revealed that the major compounds of REO, NEO, and FEO were linalool (47.5%), 1,8-cineole (40.8%), and α-pinene (25.2%), respectively. In vitro antifungal determinations showed that the inhibition zones of a Penicillium spp. mycelial growth ranged from no inhibitory effectiveness (00.00 ± 00.00 mm) to 16.00 ± 1.00 mm, indicating a very strong antifungal activity which was detected against P. citrinum after the highest REO concentration exposure. Furthermore, the in situ antifungal efficacy of all EOs investigated was shown to be dose-dependent. In this sense, we have found that the highest concentration (500 µL/L) of REO, NEO, and FEO significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the growth of all Penicillium strains inoculated on the bread, carrot, and potato models. These results indicate that the investigated EOs may be promising innovative agents in order to extend the shelf life of different types of food products, such as bread, carrot and potato.     

中国银行间拆借利率扩散模型的极大拟似然估计

本文用极大拟似然估计法估计了中国银行间市场七天拆借利率扩散模型的参数。并用自助法对众多不同的模型进行了广义拟似然比检验。结论表明:中国货币市场利率具有均值回复效应:利率敏感系数γ值为1.421265,对利率水平具有较高敏感性。