平寨坝址左岸岩溶发育规律及其对建坝条件的影响

地层岩性、水文地质、地质构造对平寨坝址的工程地质条件起着主要作用。从岩溶形态入手 ,对平寨坝址左岸岩溶的分布规律进行了研究 ,指出主要岩溶形态如洼地、漏斗、落水洞等在平面上呈带状分布 ;溶洞在垂向上具成层性、空间展布上具方向性以及平面分布具差异性等分布规律。对影响岩溶发育的因素进行了探讨的结果表明 :(1)灰岩的纯度越高、岩层越单一、层理的厚度越大 ,岩溶越发育 ;(2 )褶皱控制岩溶系统整体发育的方向、控制溶洞发育部位、规模及形态 ;(3)裂隙的发育程度和延伸方向决定岩溶发育的程度和发展方向。在岩溶发育规律的基础上对坝址左岸岩溶进行了如下预测 :(1)坝址左岸表层岩溶发育较强 ,岩体内部发育较弱 ;(2 )在坝轴线附近隐伏大规模溶洞的可能性较小 ;(3)平寨坝址河床深岩溶不发育。最后探讨了岩溶发育对建坝可能产生的渗漏与稳定性降低等问题     

核反应堆管道和压力容器的LBB分析

管道和压力容器的破前漏（ＬＢＢ）分析是在近二十年里发展起来的保证核反应堆结构安全性和可靠性的一种重要分析方法．本文综述了ＬＢＢ分析的国内外研究和应用现状，介绍了一些典型的ＬＢＢ分析方法以及ＬＢＢ分析过程中遇到的一些主要问题，尤其是与断裂力学相关的问题，包括韧性裂纹扩展的稳定性分析、裂纹张开面积和泄漏率的计算等．ＬＢＢ问题的研究对于我国核能工业的发展具有重要的意义．     

在静力与动力荷载作用下拱坝的体形优化

建立了拱坝体形优化的合理而实用的数学模型,提出了有效的求解方法,特别重视工程应用,目前已应用于近三十个实际工程,取得了巨大经济效益,并已应用于250米特高拱坝的设计。作者提出了一系列有效的求解方法,如内力展开法,设计变量指数变换法等等,并首次实现了地震荷载作用下拱坝的体形优化。     

几种金属材料宏观断裂形式的试验研究

总结了几种金属材料在常规破坏试验过程中的断裂现象，分析了不同材料不同应力三维度下的几种宏观断裂形式，结果表明，金属材料在不同受力形式下，随应力状态参数Rσ从大向小变化，断裂机理从穿晶脆断，向以孔洞扩张聚合、局部剪切带的扩展转化，材料可能依次发生解理脆断、孔洞正断、有孔洞影响的剪断、无孔洞影响的剪断等四种断裂形式，材料断裂危险点与断裂条件也随着发生变化。     

A Boltzmann based model for open channel flows

A finite volume, Boltzmann Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) numerical model for one‐ and two‐dimensional unsteady open channel flows is formulated and applied. The BGK scheme satisfies the entropy condition and thus prevents unphysical shocks. In addition, the van Leer limiter and the collision term ensure that the BGK scheme admits oscillation‐free solutions only. The accuracy and efficiency of the BGK scheme are demonstrated through the following examples: (i) strong shock waves, (ii) extreme expansion waves, (iii) a combination of strong shock waves and extreme expansion waves, and (iv) one‐ and two‐dimensional dam break problems. These test cases are performed for a variety of Courant numbers (C_r), with the only condition being C_r≤1. All the computational results are free of spurious oscillations and unphysical shocks (i.e., expansion shocks). In addition, comparisons of numerical tests with measured data from dam break laboratory experiments show good agreement for C_r≤0.6. This reduction in the stability domain is due to the explicit integration of the friction term. Furthermore, BGK schemes are easily extended to multidimensional problems and do not require characteristic decomposition. The proposed scheme is second‐order in both space and time when the external forces are zero and second‐order in space but first‐order in time when the external forces are non‐zero. However, since all the test cases presented are either for zero or small values of external forces, the results tend to maintain second‐order accuracy. In problems where the external forces become significant, it is possible to improve the order of accuracy of the scheme in time by, for example, applying the Runge–Kutta method in the integration of the external forces. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

稀土气态配合物的热力学性质

稀土气态配合物的热力学性质王林山,王之昌（东北大学化学系,沈阳,１１０００６）关键词稀土气态配合物,热力学性质,钆断目前,对稀土液相和固相配合物已有了较为全面的研究,并总结出其热力学性质与原子序数或离子基态之间有钆断、四分组、斜Ｗ等实验规律或效应［１...     

The pansystems view of prediction and blow-up of fluid

ＴＨＥＰＡＮＳＹＳＴＥＭＳＶＩＥＷＯＦＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＢＬＯＷ－ＵＰＯＦＦＬＵＩＤＯｕｙａｎｇＳｈｏｕ－ｃｈｅｎｇ（欧阳首承）（ＣｈｅｎｇｄｕＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ,Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ６１００４１）（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＪａ...     

Two‐dimensional dam break flow simulation

Numerical modelling of shallow water flow in two dimensions is presented in this work with the results obtained in dam break tests. Free surface flow in channels can be described mathematically by the shallow‐water system of equations. These equations have been discretized using an approach based on unstructured Delaunay triangles and applied to the simulation of two‐dimensional dam break flows. A cell centred finite volume method based on Roe's approximate Riemann solver across the edges of the cells is presented and the results are compared for first‐ and second‐order accuracy. Special treatment of the friction term has been adopted and will be described. The scheme is capable of handling complex flow domains as shown in the simulation corresponding to the test cases proposed, i.e. that of a dam break wave propagating into a 45° bend channel (UCL) and in a channel with a constriction (LNEC‐IST). Comparisons of experimental and numerical results are shown. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大柳树坝址工程断错效应分析

坐落于中卫-同心活动断裂带中间部位的黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址,距F201发震断层垂直距离不足1.5km。统计表明,在青藏高原及其周缘地区,当发生Ⅶ级以上破坏性地震时,距发震断裂两侧3～5km的范围内都有可能出现断层的分支破裂、次生破裂等错断效应。大柳树坝址处于Ⅶ级以上地震时的分支破裂发生带内,因此,存在工程错断效应问题。三维有限元数值模拟结果表明,断层F201发生错动时,坝址地段断层F93、F39、F40相对于F201的错动比率处分别达到14.38%、12.00%和9.84%以上。     

汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析

大光包—红洞子沟巨型滑坡是汶川地震触发的最大规模滑坡,其体积达7.42亿m3, 堰塞坝高达690m,是我国已知的最大规模地震滑坡和最高的滑坡堰塞坝,也是目前全世界已知的为数不多的几个方量在5亿m3以上的超大规模滑坡之一,其高达690m的滑坡堰塞坝为目前世界最高的滑坡坝。滑坡位于发震断层上盘,距发震断裂——映秀—北川断裂不足7km。震前斜坡为三面切割的孤立型山脊,相对高差达1500m;斜坡岩层走向与坡面近于垂直,层面延展性极好,构成滑动面形成的基础。调查和分析表明,斜坡的临空条件和贯通性好的灰岩层面是滑坡产生的基础;而高强度和长持时强震地面运动是导致滑坡产生的根本因素。滑坡产生的机理和过程可分为以下4个阶段：即坡体震裂、松弛和解体阶段、高速溃滑阶段、震动堆积阶段、二次抛射和碎屑流堆积阶段。失稳高速下滑的坡体,形成了沿主滑方向长4.2km,宽2.2km的堆积体,高速流动的碎屑流越过下游侧风波岩山脊,沿红洞子沟形成了长1km的碎屑流堆积区。