掠叶片对压气机叶栅流场性能的影响

研究叶片掠对某型涡扇发动机风扇导叶流场性能的影响。结果表明,掠叶片改变了压力场分布。后掠将增加端壁损失,加强角隅失速;前掠是降低端壁损失,减缓角隅失速的有效手段。掠角越大降低端壁损失的效果越好,但中部损失增加,存在对应最小叶栅损失的最佳掠角。此外还应选择小的掠高。     

Impact of environmentally friendly processing solvents on the properties of blade‐coated polymer solar cells

High‐performance polymer solar cells (PSCs) are typically fabricated by spin coating in inert atmosphere from toxic halogenated solvents such as 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (o‐DCB) and chlorobenzene. This fabrication process is potentially hazardous for both the humans and the environment and dramatically impacts the possibility for the organic photovoltaic technology to be adopted at large scale. In this work, efficient PSCs blade coated in air using nonhalogenated 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene (TMB) as processing solvent are demonstrated. The active layer, based on a previously synthesized benchmark polymer PFQ2T‐benzodithiophene blended with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM), showed an enhanced solid‐state aggregation induced by the use of TMB. Compared to o‐DCB‐processed devices, the solar cells fabricated from TMB resulted 10% more efficient with a power conversion efficiency of 4.20%. Interestingly, the improved photovoltaic performance resulted from the combination of synergic effects promoted by a more favorable film morphology, such as high exciton dissociation efficiency and lower bimolecular recombinations resulting in higher charge collection efficiency at the electrodes. The positive effect of TMB, compared to that of commonly employed halogenated solvents, confirms the great potential of this approach for the development of efficient PSCs for practical applications with reduced environmental impact. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 , 57, 487–494     

转子-叶片干摩擦耦合系统的稳态和非稳态振动

本文用数值方法研究转子扭振-叶片弯曲振动等效系统的稳态和非稳态响应。叶片受气流周期激励力作用，与转轴通过平台干摩擦阻尼器相连，干摩擦力采用光滑模型计算。分析扭振和弯曲振动的固有频率具有1：1和1：3两种比值情况（内共振关系）的振动表明，系统不仅存在两个主共振，由于干摩擦力的非线性特点，还存在超谐和亚谐共振状况。由于阻尼器的引入，耦合系统的主共振频率点既可能升高（1：1情况），也可能降低（1：3情况），这是耦合系统中阻尼器的调频特点，在升速的非稳态响应中，主共振和超、亚谐共振幅值将会降低．而共振点一般会出现延迟现象，但也有某些共振点有所提前（1：3情况），因此存在内共振条件的干摩擦系统，具有丰富和复杂的振动现象。     

TBM滚刀刀圈硬度与岩石匹配性能试验

为了研究TBM滚刀刀圈硬度与岩石匹配性能对滚刀刀圈磨损量及磨损去除机制的影响机理,将四种材料相同但硬度不同的滚刀刀圈试样分别与同一种TBM工程中典型的花岗岩试样进行匹配磨损试验.试验结果表明:材料相同硬度不同的刀圈,其微观组织结构存在一定的差异,刀圈硬度对刀圈磨损量及磨损去除机制有显著影响.随着刀圈硬度的增加,刀圈的磨损量呈先减小后增大的变化趋势且硬度最高的刀圈的磨损量最大.当刀圈硬度较低时,刀圈的磨损以显微切削去除机制为主,且在一定范围内随着刀圈硬度的增加,显微切削去除作用减弱,刀圈的耐磨性更好;但当刀圈硬度高于一定值后,刀圈的磨损去除机制发生转变,刀圈磨损以韧性断裂剥落去除机制为主,刀圈的耐磨性急剧变差.     

Demonstration of a coupled floating offshore wind turbine analysis with high-fidelity methods

This paper presents results of numerical computations for floating off-shore wind turbines using, as an example, a machine of 10-MW rated power. The aerodynamic loads on the rotor are computed using the Helicopter Multi-Block flow solver developed at the University of Liverpool. The method solves the Navier–Stokes equations in integral form using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation for time-dependent domains with moving boundaries. Hydrodynamic loads on the support platform are computed using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method, which is mesh-free and represents the water and floating structures by a set of discrete elements, referred to as particles. The motion of the floating offshore wind turbine is computed using a Multi-Body Dynamic Model of rigid bodies and frictionless joints. Mooring cables are modelled as a set of springs and dampers. All solvers were validated separately before coupling, and the results are presented in this paper. The importance of coupling is assessed and the loosely coupled algorithm used is described in detail alongside the obtained results.     

Rock deformation equations and application to the study on slantingly installed disc cutter

At present the mechanical model of the interac- tion between a disc cutter and rock mainly concerns indentation experiment, linear cutting experiment and tunnel boring machine （TBM） on-site data. This is not in line with the actual rock-breaking movement of the disc cutter and impedes to some extent the research on the rock-breaking mechanism, wear mechanism and design theory. Therefore, our study focuses on the interaction between the slantingly installed disc cutter and rock, developing a model in accordance with the actual rock-breaking movement. Displacement equations are established through an analysis of the velocity vector at the rock-breaking point of the disc cutter blade; the func- tional relationship between the displacement parameters at the rock-breaking point and its rectangular coordinates is established through an analysis of micro-displacement vectors at the rock-breaking point, thus leading to the geometric equations of rock deformation caused by the slantingly installed disc cutter. Considering the basically linear relationship between the cutting force of disc cutters and the rock deformation before and after the leap break of rock, we express the constitutive relations of rock deformation as generalized Hooke＇s law and analyze the effect of the slanting installa- tion angle of disc cutters on the rock-breaking force. This will, as we hope, make groundbreaking contributions to the development of the design theory and installation practice of TBM.     

某型航空发动机销钉式叶片固有振动频率的有限元计算

为利用有限元方法计算某型航空发动机低压压气机销钉式转子叶片的固有振动频率,以柔度矩阵法的计算结果为参考,通过约束销钉-销孔接触面上部分节点的自由度,将非线性的接触问题转化成线性问题,满足了有限元法的使用条件。最后,建立了约束自由度的节点面积与销钉-销孔接触面积之间的关系,为利用有限元方法解决类似问题打下了基础。     

发动机叶片扭转和弯曲变形同步测量新方法

扭转和弯曲变形测量可以确定叶片弯扭变形耦合的特征,为叶片弯扭耦合分析提供可用的试验手段。本文提出了一种发动机叶片扭转和弯曲变形同步测量的新方法,其中,扭转角度测量方法能更加灵活地应用于测量叶片类形状不规则构件的扭转变形,而弯曲变形测量方法解决了叶片变形方向未知且存在弯扭耦合时的叶片变形测量问题,从而可实现对叶片截面扭转和弯曲变形的同步测量。对上述测量方法进行了专门的验证试验,结果表明:与传统方法测量结果相比,扭转角度测量偏差小于1%,挠度测量偏差小于2%,满足工程测量精度要求。     

Two-equation turbulence models for prediction of heat transfer on a transonic turbine blade

Two versions of the two-equation k–ω model and a shear stress transport (SST) model are used in a three-dimensional, multi-block, Navier–Stokes code to compare the detailed heat transfer measurements on a transonic turbine blade. It is found that the SST model resolves the passage vortex better on the suction side of the blade, thus yielding a better comparison with the experimental data than either of the k–ω models. However, the comparison is still deficient on the suction side of the blade. Use of the SST model does require the computation of distance from a wall, which for a multi-block grid, such as in the present case, can be complicated. However, a relatively easy fix for this problem was devised. Also addressed are issues such as (1) computation of the production term in the turbulence equations for aerodynamic applications, and (2) the relation between the computational and experimental values for the turbulence length scale, and its influence on the passage vortex on the suction side of the turbine blade.     

使用确定应力模型研究离心压气机叶片相互作用

离心压气机叶轮和扩压器叶片间空隙很小,在无叶区和半有叶区的流动非定常特性十分明显。特别是离心叶轮出口通常的射流／尾迹流动使得有叶扩压器进口在时间、空间两个尺度上都存在十分强烈的不均匀性。叶轮和扩压器叶片间的相互作用,历来都被认为是影响离心压气机效率和稳定工作范围的重要因素。本文引入确定应力模型和改进的计算域延伸方法,计算了Ｋｒａｉｎ离心压气机组的流场,着重分析了叶轮出口无叶区、半无叶区等叶片间相互作用最强烈的区域的复杂流动现象。