缝隙抽吸对液膜撕裂特性影响的试验研究

本文在空气-水膜两相流动试验装置上,利用高速摄影机对空心静叶缝隙抽吸下的静叶出口边液膜撕裂特性进行了试验研究,结果表明:缝隙抽吸可以将静叶表面上的大部分流动液膜去除掉,水份在叶片出口边之前形不成完整的流动液膜,仅表现为溪状流动,静叶出口边的撕裂形式主要为丝线状撕裂,撕裂形成的水滴数目和直径将明显地减小。     

叶片数及分流叶片位置对压气机性能的影响

应用三维粘性计算程序对存在叶顶间隙泄漏时带分流叶片的离心压气机内部流动进行了数值模拟,重点分析了叶片数及分流叶片处于不同位置对压气机级内三维粘性流场及级性能的影响。计算中采用中心差分格式结合B-L代数模型使用时间推进法求解雷诺平均N—S方程。计算结果表明:叶片数增加,叶轮进口阻塞增加,压气机性能下降,但可有效降低叶轮单个叶片的载荷。分流叶片位于不同位置时,应用IBSA叶轮的压气机效率最高,压气机性能最好。     

Dynamics of windscreen wiper blades: Squeal noise,reversal noise and chattering

The motion of a windshield wiper blade is modelled by a mass-spring-damper system on a moving frictional surface. The system dynamics is time-varying, since three different regimes of motion, characterized by different degrees of freedom, are possible. Indeed the system, which schematizes a blade cross-section, can experience stick and slip motions when it is in contact with the glass surface, and free-flight motion when it is detached. The contact between the system and the surface is governed by Stribeck׳s friction law and Poisson׳s impact law, which make the dynamics non-smooth. The model is numerically implemented in an event-driven code, and simulations are performed which reproduce the three basic classes of undesired oscillations observed in the motion of real windscreen wipers, i.e., squeal, reversal and chattering noises. Attention is focused on the causes of these vibrations, and remedies for reducing or avoiding them are proposed.     

Independent research and development progress in large-scale wind turbine blade with coordinated aerodynamics,structure, and load

Abstract According to the three key elements in blade design process, i.e., aerodynamic design, structure design, and load prediction, the independent research and development (R&D) progress of blade design is summarized and analyzed. The calculational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, the vortex method, and the blade element momentum method (BEM) are described. Based on the widely used BEM method, the solutions for the blade design in low-speed wind area are obtained. A brief overview of the traditional design and analysis methods based on beam models is given. The defects of these methods used for simulating the structure of large-scale composite blade are analyzed. The application progress of the finite element method (FEM) used in the blade structure analysis is shown. The effects of load prediction on the blades and entire wind turbine are introduced. The progress in load forecasting is described. With the analysis of the relationship among these three key elements, it is concluded that developing a blade optimization design system with coordinated aerodynamics, structure, and load will truly meet the requirement of high efficiency and low cost. The main directions for further study are pointed out, e.g., high efficiency and low load airfoils, structural nonlinear finite element analysis, aerodynamic structure coupling research, and establishing different design standards. The aim is to establish a blade R&D system suitable for the conditions of wind resources in China and promote the development of wind power in the country.     

小型风机叶片结构损伤识别实验模拟研究

搭建小型风机叶片振动检测实验平台,采集风机叶片振动响应数据,利用自互功率谱法辨别叶片损伤前后的模态参数,通过实验数据对比风机叶片损伤前后固有频率的变化,当风机叶片发生损伤时,其各阶固有频率会下降,且随着损伤程度的增加,各阶固有频率的下降幅度越大,并利用轴向振型差法对叶片损伤进行了定位,在实验室条件下完成了风机叶片结构损伤的识别。     

Assessment of a high-order accurate Discontinuous Galerkin method for turbomachinery flows

In this work the capabilities of a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method applied to the computation of turbomachinery flows are investigated. The Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the two equations k-ω turbulence model are solved to predict the flow features, either in a fixed or rotating reference frame, to simulate the fluid flow around bodies that operate under an imposed steady rotation. To ensure, by design, the positivity of all thermodynamic variables at a discrete level, a set of primitive variables based on pressure and temperature logarithms is used. The flow fields through the MTU T106A low-pressure turbine cascade and the NASA Rotor 37 axial compressor have been computed up to fourth-order of accuracy and compared to the experimental and numerical data available in the literature.     

TBM滚刀刀圈与岩石的滑动磨损实验研究

硬岩隧道掘进机(TBM)的滚刀刀圈在破岩过程中面临剧烈的磨损,对TBM的掘进效率及施工成本影响巨大。为了深入研究全断面隧道掘进机滚刀刀圈的磨损机理,本文在M-200型磨损试验机上模拟了TBM滚刀刀圈与岩石的磨损行为。基于实验数据,验证了磨粒磨损引起的磨损量与摩擦距离的线性关系,分析了岩石硬度、摩擦系数和润滑对磨粒磨损速率的影响。实验结果表明,在大载荷下,磨损形式将由单纯的磨粒磨损转化为磨粒磨损与疲劳磨损共同存在的形式,并且计算了疲劳磨损量,进而对比了磨粒磨损量与疲劳磨损量的大小。结论:硬度、摩擦系数越大,滚刀刀圈磨损越严重;润滑对降低磨损有重要作用;在大载荷作用下,磨损状态将由磨粒磨损转化为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损共存的状态。上述研究结果可以为TBM滚刀刀圈设计及施工提供一定的参考。     

变刚度复杂梁结构损伤检测方法研究

提出了适用于复杂梁结构损伤检测的子段模态应变能法SSEM(subsectionstrainenergymethod),并分析了该方法的适用性条件．通过对变截面梁的有限元计算,以及对纤维增强复合材料风机叶片缩比模型的试验分析,验证了SSEM方法确定的结构损伤指标对损伤准确定位的可靠性．该基于振动的变刚度复杂梁结构的损伤检测方法,可应用于工程实际中梁和类梁整体结构的损伤检测．     

涡轮冷却叶片气动与传热设计优化

提出了航空发动机涡轮冷却叶片叶栅气动与传热自动优化方法,利用函数解析成型方法实现了冷却叶片几何模型的参数化与自动生成,可以建立任意冷却内腔数量的叶片模型;基于N-S方程实现叶片流体域与固体域的流-热耦合分析;采用KS函数方法将多目标优化问题转化为单目标函数进行优化,以总压损失、叶片最高温度和平均温度最小为优化目标进行了自动优化,改善了叶片性能。