收缩喷嘴中的湍流Ⅰ——边界层解

应用边界层积分法,研究锥形喷嘴入口区域中湍动涡流的发展.球面坐标系中的控制方程,通过边界层的假定得到简化,并对边界层进行了积分.应用4阶Adams预测校正法求解该微分方程组.入口区域的切向和轴向速度,分别应用自由涡流和均匀速度分布来表示.由于缺乏收缩喷嘴中涡流的实验数据,需要用数值模拟对该发展模式进行逆向验证.数值模拟的结果证明,该解析模型在预测边界层参数中的能力,例如边界层的生长、剪切率和边界层厚度,以及不同锥度角时的涡流强度衰减率等.为所提出的方法引进一个简明而有效的程序,用以研究几何形状收缩设备内的边界层参数.     

On the discretization of gradient and curl in atmospheric models using height‐based terrain‐following coordinates

Different discretizations of the gradient and curl operators are considered for a staggered grid in a height‐based terrain‐following coordinate system. A combination of discrete operators is identified that guarantees the mimetic property that the curl of the gradient of any scalar vanishes identically. The result is illustrated with some numerical examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new car-following model with consideration of roadside memorial

In this Letter, a car-following model with consideration of roadside memorial is proposed. The numerical results show that the proposed model can qualitatively describe the impacts of roadside memorial on traffic flow and the traffic risk coefficient. It is also shown that roadside memorial can enhance the traffic safety.     

Numerical modeling of slug flow initiation in a horizontal channels using a two-fluid model

This paper presents a methodology for modeling slug initiation and growth in horizontal ducts. Transient two-fluid equations are solved numerically using a class of high-resolution shock capturing methods. The advantage of this method is that slug formation and growth in a stratified regime can be calculated directly from the solutions to the flow field differential equations. In addition, by using high-resolution shock capturing methods that do not contain numerical diffusion, the discontinuity generated by slugging in the flow field can be modeled with good accuracy. The two-fluid model is shown to be well-posed mathematically only under certain conditions. Under these circumstances, the two-fluid model is capable of correctly predicting and modeling the flow physics. When ill-posed, an unbounded instability occurs in the flow field solution, and the instability amplitude increases exponentially with decreasing mesh sizes. This work shows that there are three zones associated with slug formation. In addition, long wavelength slugs are shown to initiate from short wavelength waves. These short waves are generated at the interface of the two phases by the Kelvin-Helmholtz hydrodynamic instability. The results obtained through numerical modeling show good agreement with experimental results.     

基于代数滑移模型的光催化反应器内催化剂颗粒分布特性研究

针对光催化制氢反应器内液固两相流的特点,运用代数滑移模型,对反应器内的催化剂颗粒-水两相流动进行了数值模拟。采用分块的结构化网格,并运用多重网格方法进行求解。通过与前人实验中压力梯度结果的比较,对模型进行了验证,并最终得到了反应器内催化剂颗粒的典型分布及相应的类型图。     

变频空调制冷系统流量调节性能分析和实验研究

通过实验分析不同膨胀阀开度和压缩机频率下系统性能。过热度在‘0’点及前后情况下,制冷系统性能及回油状况随膨胀阀开度调节,会出现较大变化。且在过热度为‘0’时系统制冷量和能效比最高。同时对不同频率下系统性能参数变化规律尤其是换热器效率影响进行分析。给出膨胀阀开度和压缩机变转速联合调节在系统性能最优状态下调节策略。     

The backward phase flow and FBI-transform-based Eulerian Gaussian beams for the Schrödinger equation

We propose the backward phase flow method to implement the Fourier–Bros–Iagolnitzer (FBI)-transform-based Eulerian Gaussian beam method for solving the Schrödinger equation in the semi-classical regime. The idea of Eulerian Gaussian beams has been first proposed in [12]. In this paper we aim at two crucial computational issues of the Eulerian Gaussian beam method: how to carry out long-time beam propagation and how to compute beam ingredients rapidly in phase space. By virtue of the FBI transform, we address the first issue by introducing the reinitialization strategy into the Eulerian Gaussian beam framework. Essentially we reinitialize beam propagation by applying the FBI transform to wavefields at intermediate time steps when the beams become too wide. To address the second issue, inspired by the original phase flow method, we propose the backward phase flow method which allows us to compute beam ingredients rapidly. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithms.     

Uniform spin wave modes in antiferromagnetic nanoparticles with uncompensated moments

In magnetic nanoparticles the uniform precession (q = 0 spin wave) mode gives the predominant contribution to the magnetic excitations. We have calculated the energy of the uniform mode in antiferromagnetic nanoparticles with uncompensated magnetic moments, using the coherent potential approximation. In the presence of uncompensated moments, an antiferromagnetic nanoparticle must be considered as a kind of a ferrimagnet. Two magnetic anisotropy terms are considered, a planar term confining the spins to the basal plane, and an axial term determining an easy axis in this plane. Excitation energies are calculated for various combinations of these two anisotropy terms, ranging from the simple uniaxial case to the planar case with a strong out-of-plane anisotropy. In the simple uniaxial case, the uncompensated moment has a large influence on the excitation energy, but in the planar case it is much less important. The calculations explain recent neutron scattering measurements on nanoparticles of antiferromagnetic α-Fe₂O₃ and NiO.     

Weak temperature gradient effect on the stability of the circular Couette flow

We have investigated the influence of a weak radial temperature gradient in a wide gap and large aspect ratio Couette-Taylor system. The inner cylinder is rotating and can be heated or cooled, the outer cylinder is at rest and immersed in a large thermal bath. We found that a radial temperature gradient destabilizes the Couette flow leading to a pattern of traveling helicoidal vortices occurring only near the bottom of the system. The size of the pattern increases as the rotation frequency of the cylinder is increased. We have characterized the spatiotemporal properties of the pattern and we have shown that it behaves as a wall mode found in the simulation of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with homogeneous boundary conditions.     

Wavy film flow down a vertical plate: Comparisons between the results of integral approaches and full-scale computations

This paper is devoted to a theoretical analysis of nonlinear two-dimensional waves using the Navier-Stokes equations in their full statement. Steady-state travelling wave regimes have been found and an analysis of their linear stability has been carried out. It is shown that the flow regimes obtained using the Navier-Stokes equations are qualitatively different from the solutions of Shkadov’s integral approach starting from some values of the Kapitza number. It is also found that the wave regimes of the Navier-Stokes equations have an internal vortex at moderate Reynolds numbers. The results obtained using “the regularized integral model” are in excellent agreement with the Navier-Stokes calculations for Re/Ka ≤2. Unlike the solutions found using an integral approach, it is shown that only a few types of nonlinear waves exist when the full Navier-Stokes equations are considered. The text was submitted by the author in English.