薄膜沿加热平板下落的稳定性分布

本文分析了薄膜沿加热平板下落的稳定性.在时间模式下,发现流动的不稳定性是由表面波不稳定和热毛细不稳定构成的,同时当流体的热扩散越大以及界面热量损失越小时,热毛细不稳定越剧烈.在时空模式下,流动随着Marangoni数的增大,流动有可能从对流不稳定过渡到绝对不稳定,这一结论尚待实验验证.     

瞬态加速液柱的流体力学问题研究

介绍了用激波和压缩气体加速液柱时的流体动力现象的实验研究,实验中采用了高速摄影技术。研究分为两部分:第一部分,液柱在被加速后在管内的气/液两相流的发展以及流出管外后喷雾流的形成,喷雾流自下而上产生;第二部分,气/液界面上的流体力学不稳定性,即Rayleigh Taylor(RT)不稳定性及Richt myer Meshkov(RM)不稳定性,液柱自上而下运动。实验发现,用此方法产生的喷雾具有流量大、射程远、覆盖面积大等特点。液柱在管内的加速过程中,上端面保持平面,下端面在经历了初始的不稳定性之后形成弹状流。在本实验的驱动压力及马赫数的范围内,RT和RM不稳定性的后期的发展过程比较接近,尽管两者的增长率不同。在RT不稳定性的初始阶段,高密度流体的尖钉先伸入低密度流体中;但是,在RM不稳定性的初始阶段,低密度的气泡先伸入高密度流体中。     

Experiments on the oscillatory convection of low Prandtl number liquid in Czochralski configuration for crystal growth with cusp magnetic field

This paper presents results of experiments on the oscillatory convection of mercury in a Czochralski configuration with cusp magnetic field. Temperature fluctuation measurements are carried out to determine the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of time dependent natural convection. The effects of a cusp magnetic field on the supercritical natural convection coupled with rotation of crystal disk are investigated. In the presence of a rotating flow it is found that a cusp magnetic field can induce a new long wave instability and can amplify the temperature fluctuation depending on the magnitude of the relevant flow similarity parameters and the melt aspect ratios. A flow regime diagram for the amplification and damping of the temperature fluctuations is presented to provide an experimental data base for finding optimum growth conditions in the cusp magnetic field Czochralski process.     

聚氯乙烯结构缺陷和热不稳定性之间关系的研究 2.各种结构缺陷含量和热脱氯化氢速率之间的关系

本工作采用溴加成法、酚解法、FTIR法及臭氧裂解法分别测定了五种不饱和蒸气压下聚合的PVC样品(u-PVC)和五种商品PVC样品(s-PVC)的总双键、总不稳定氯、孤立双键和内部双键的含量.通过研究结构缺陷和PVC的平均分子量及脱HCl速率的相互关系,揭示了不饱和总双键值,总不稳定氯和孤立双键含量彼此的相关性是建立在它们分别与1/M_n的相关性基础之上,从而得出了这三种定量值测得的主要都是端基烯丙基氯结构.根据三者对脱HCl速率的良好线性相关性,首次提出了端基烯丙基氯结构在HCl催化作用下异构化成内部烯丙基氯从而成为脱HCl速率主要原因的机理.     

Memory effects in gas chromatographic detection with a microwave-induced plasma

Capillary gas chromatography coupled to microwave-inducedplasma detection furnishes sensitivity adequate for trace analysis when the signal is monitored at a carbon emission line. Work performed with one of these systems at high electronic gain for the carbon signal has revealed solvent band widths in excess of four minutes; these impeded quantification of peaks eluting after the solvent. This report discusses two phenomena which could be related to the unexpected intensity of this solvent response: photomultiplier tube saturation and carbon deposits in the quartz plasma discharge tube.     

交叉流聚丙烯中空纤维膜式氧合器的传质研究Ⅰ结构因子α、β的测定和氧合器传质效果评价

在膜式氧合器水气传递实验装置上分别对二种不同的交叉流微孔聚丙烯中空纤维膜式氧合器进行了水气传递实验,测得了氧合器的结构因子α、β,并用Ｍｏｃｋｒｏｓ和Ｌｅｏｎａｒｄ对Ｏ２传递建立的半经验数学模型拟合了血气传递实验中氧气在血中的传递速率。结果表明,理论计算与实验数据十分吻合,偏差小于１０％。讨论了α、β与膜式氧合器的传递效果的关系。     

移动床热煤气脱硫气固反应过程模拟——Ⅱ-错流移动床非催化气固反应过程模拟

基于前文错流移动床反应器模型方程,模拟计算并分析了该类反应器中气、固相流动对热煤气脱硫等非催化气固反应过程的影响。研究表明,床层在床深方向按反应速率的快慢可分为粗脱区和精脱区,在颗粒流动方向上气相浓度差异较大,并主要体现在粗脱区内,床层出口处颗粒转化率呈现较大分布,反应器内气固交错流动、气相浓度和颗粒转化率共同作用（ 于气固反应速率） 等因素是造成过程特征的主要因素。因此反应器优化应满足对两相流动的优化,将粗脱区设置成错流移动床而精脱区设置成固定床,并使粗脱区内颗粒流速沿气流方向逐渐减小,以减小出口颗粒转化率的分布并提高颗粒利用率,同时沿颗粒流动方向应逐渐减小过床气流体积分率以利于床内气固反应速率的均一分布。由此指出对该类床型其底部渐缩下料段和过床气流对床内颗粒流动的影响以及床层结构及颗粒流动对过床气流分布的影响研究的必要性。     

Orientational instability of nematic liquid crystal in a homeotropic cell with boundary conditions controlled by an electric field

We study the orientational instability of the director in a homeotropic nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cell in a DC electric field. The electric field is applied along or perpendicular to a cell surface depending on whether anisotropy of dielectric permittivity of NLC is positive or negative. The easy axis on one of the cell polymer substrates is allowed to deviate in perpendicular to the substrate plane due to the influence of the NLC and the electric field. It was established that the orientational instability of the director can have a threshold as well as be thresholdless which depends on the character of the coupling of the easy axis with the electric field. The temporal behaviour of a director and the easy axis during transition to the stationary state after turning on electric field and returning to the initial homogeneous state after turning off the field was investigated. In the case of the negative anisotropy of the static permittivity, the comparison of experimental and calculated time dependences of the easy axis reorientation angle let us to estimate values of the mobile easy axis viscosity coefficient and coupling parameter describing the coupling between the easy axis and the electric field.     

On the origin of dynamic instability of molecular systems

The vibronic origin of dynamic instability of molecular systems considered earlier, is here given a more complete and rigorous treatment. It is shown that the nonvibronic contribution to the curvature of the adiabatic potential arising due to nuclear displacements under fixed electronic density distribution, is always positive, and hence the only reason for dynamic instability is the pseudo Jahn-Teller effect. For some examples of special interest (planar equilateral NH₃, planar square CH₄ and linear H ₃ ⁺ ) the molecular excited states, responsible for the instability of the ground state, are revealed by means of ab initio calculations.     

Low dose measurement with thick gate oxide MOSFETs

The low dose limit and the accuracy of high sensitivity MOS ionizing radiation dosimeters fabricated at LAAS-CNRS are investigated.