On some mechanical effects in glassy polymers attributed to chain entanglements

The important role of the entanglements in the deformation of high-molecular-weight glassy polymers is demonstrated by two phenomena: the build-up of material resistance in polymethylmethacrylate after chain interpenetration and the intrinsic crazing of polycarbonate which is observed when the entanglement network reaches its limits of extension.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. F. H. Müller.     

60CrMnMo钢热疲劳裂纹生成与长大及稀土的作用

采用金相和扫描电镜等手段对６０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢热疲劳裂纹的萌生和长大规律进行了分析，并考查了稀土在钢中的作用。结果表明：热疲劳裂纹萌生于钢中夹杂物处，热疲劳裂纹的生长，不仅是裂纹自身发展的结果，更主要的是裂纹的相互联接。钢中加入稀土后，可以变质钢中夹杂物，从而抑制了热疲劳裂纹的生成与长大。     

Decompression wave speed and crack velocity measurements during S4 test in water pressurized plastic pipes: Part 1. Experimental methods

In a Small Scale Steady State (S4) test apparatus of ISO 13477, instrumentations were designed and successfully adapted to determine decompression wave speed and crack velocity during rapid crack propagation event in water-filled plastic pipes. The basic design for decompression wave speed measurement involved the use of high-frequency dynamic pressure transmitters, located external to the water-filled pipe and connected to pressure measurement positions inside the pipe, by means of stainless steel tubes. For the crack velocity measurements, timing wire system with the required circuitry capable of giving the precise temporal indication of the propagating crack was designed and employed. In this paper, detailed design of instrumentations adapted to the S4 test apparatus and the assessment techniques used to obtain decompression wave speed and crack velocity are described. It was also demonstrated that the methods developed were viable for these measurements which are known to affect the rapid crack propagation behavior in water-filled plastic pipes.     

Elastic wave scattering from a penny-shaped interface crack in coated materials

This paper is concerned with the elastic wave scattering induced by a penny-shaped interface crack in coated materials. Using the integral transform, the problem of wave scattering is reduced to a set of singular integral equations in matrix form. The singular integral equations are solved by the asymptotic analysis and contour integral technique, and the expressions for the stress and displacement as well as the dynamic stress intensity factors (SIFs) are obtained. Using numerical analysis, this approach is verified by the finite element method (FEM), and the numerical results agree well with the theoretical results. For various crack sizes and material combinations, the relations between the SIFs and the incident frequency are analyzed, and the amplitudes of the crack opening displacements (CODs) are plotted versus incident wavenumber. The investigation provides a theoretical basis for the dynamic failure analysis and nondestructive evaluation of coated materials.     

Effect of crack position on stress intensity factor in particle-reinforced metal-matrix composites

In this study, a numerical model was developed to study the effects of mechanical properties of the particle and matrix materials, the crack position (in particle/in matrix) and loading conditions (mode 1 and mixed-mode) in particle-reinforced metal-matrix composites. The finite element technique was used to calculate the stress intensity factors for crack at and near-interface. The Displacement Correlation Method was used to calculate the stress intensity factors K₁ and K₂. In the present model, the particle and matrix materials were modeled in linear elastic conditions. The interface crack was considered between the particle and matrix, without the presence of the interface. For near-interface crack problem, two different crack positions (in particle/in matrix) were selected. The obtained results show the key role on the stress intensity factors played by the relative elastic properties of the particle and matrix. The results also show that loading condition has an important effect on the K₂ stress intensity factor and the crack deflection angle.     

Stability and dynamic analysis of partially cracked thin orthotropic microplates under thermal environment: an analytical approach

Abstract

An analytical model is proposed to analyze the vibration and buckling problem of partially cracked thin orthotropic microplate in the presence of thermal environment. The differential governing equation for the cracked plate is derived using the classical plate theory in conjunction with the strain gradient theory of elasticity. The crack is modeled using appropriate crack compliance coefficients based on the simplified line spring model. The influence of thermal environment is incorporated in governing equation in form thermal moments and in-plane compressive forces. The governing equation for cracked plate has been solved analytically to get fundamental frequency and central deflection of plate. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present model, few comparison studies are carried out with the published literature. The stability and dynamic characteristics of the cracked plate are studied considering various parameters such as crack length, plate thickness, change in temperature, and internal length scale of microstructure. It has been concluded that the frequency and deflection are affected by crack length, temperature, and internal length scale of microstructure. Furthermore, to study the buckling behavior of cracked plate, the classical relations for critical buckling load and critical buckling temperature is also proposed considering the effect of crack length, temperature, and internal length scale of microstructure.     

Strain Field Analysis and Kinetics of Crack Propagation of Binary Triblock Copolymer Blends

Summary: The crack toughness behaviour of binary styrene‐butadiene (SB) triblock copolymer blends of a thermoplastic block copolymer (LN3) and a thermoplastic elastomer (LN4) with different molecular architecture was studied using essential work of fracture (EWF) concept and was correlated to the morphological features from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An increase in the crack toughness behaviour between 60 and 80 wt.‐% LN3 has been observed and is attributed to a change from cylindrical to lamellar morphology. The time‐resolved crack propagation studies have offered new dimensions to understand the kinetic aspects of fracture behaviour while the strain field analysis has explained the time‐dependent deformation behaviour to characterise the time dependence of the strain energy dissipation modes.

Load‐displacement diagrams of non essential work of fracture values of LN3/LN4 blends.     

偏心裂纹板在裂纹面受两对反平面点力的弹塑性解析解

采用线场分析方法对理想弹塑性材料偏心裂纹板在裂纹面受两对反平面点力的情形进行弹塑性分析,分析不受小范围屈服条件的限制,求得了裂纹线附近应力场和位移场的弹塑性解析解、裂纹线上的塑性区长度随外荷载的变化规律及有限宽板具有偏心裂纹的承载力.     

立方准晶材料的剪切裂纹问题

通过引入位移函数,使得立方准晶的轴对称弹性问题归结为求解一个高阶偏微分方程.在此基础上,研究了立方准晶含有圆盘状裂纹的剪切问题,得到了此问题弹性场的精确解析解,以及应力强度因子与应变能释放率.