灰度关联分析结合支持向量机用于近红外光谱研究

灰度关联分析是通过关联度的计算来理清系统中各因素之间的主次关系,找出影响较大的因素。简述了灰度关联分析的基本原理,并利用其对180个烟草样品的近红外谱进行了谱区优化,选取其中120个样品用于建模,另外60个样品用于模型检验。进一步利用偏最小二乘法和径向基支持向量机法分别建立了烟草样品的总糖、还原糖、烟碱及总氮的定量分析模型。结果表明,将灰度关联分析与支持向量机法联合用于烟草近红外光谱四个组分的定量分析,其模型的泛化能力和预测精度均有较明显的提高,从而能够有效地提高建模效率。     

A NEW METHOD OF IDENTIFYING MAIN FAILURE MODE ABOUT TRUSS STRUCTURE

在对现有两大类主要失效模式识别方法进行深入分析基础上, 针对保留的候选失效元并非都是组成失效模式必备单元的问题展开研究. 利用结构力学基本理论, 分析了单元失效对残余结构内力影响规律, 并推导了其关系式;通过该关系式, 证明了具有相同基本失效单元的失效模式间线性相关;结合概率论相关理论, 得出主要失效模式一定只包含基本失效单元的结论, 由此证实了组成主要失效模式的必备单元就是基本单元;基于结构几何构造分析理论, 分析了结构体系的失效形式, 讨论了形成结构体系失效的基本单元范围;进而采用对结构进行逐步搭建的思想, 建立了基本单元最小存在范围的划分方法;与分支限界法结合提出一种新的桁架结构主要失效模式识别方法;通过算例分析, 证实该方法合理有效, 且具有较高识别效率, 同时能保证不遗漏主要失效模式.     

Superelastic shape memory alloy cables: Part II – Subcomponent isothermal responses

This paper constitutes the second part of our experimental study of the thermo-mechanical behavior of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy cables. Part I introduced the fundamental, room temperature, tensile responses of two cable designs (7 × 7 right regular lay, and 1 × 27 alternating lay). In Part II, each cable behavior is studied further by breaking down the response into the contributions of its hierarchical subcomponents. Selected wire strands were extracted from the two cable constructions, and their quasi-static tension responses were measured using the same experimental setup of Part I. Consistent with the shallow wire helix angles in the 7 × 7 construction, the force–elongation responses of the core wire, 1 × 7 core strand and full 7 × 7 cable were similar on a normalized basis, with only a slight decrease in transformation force plateaus and slight increase in plateau strains in this specimen sequence. By contrast, each successive 1 × 27 component (1 × 6 core strand, 1 × 15 strand, and full cable) included an additional outer layer of wires with a larger number of wires, greater helix radius, and deeper helix angle, so the normalized axial load responses became significantly more compliant. Each specimen in the sequence also exhibited progressively larger strains at failure, reaching 40% strain in the full 1 × 27 cable.Stress-induced phase transformations involved localized strain/temperature and front propagation in all of the tested 7 × 7 components but none of the 1 × 27 components aside from the 1 × 27 core wire. Stereo digital image correlation measurements revealed finer features within a global transformation front of the 1 × 7 core strand than the 7 × 7 cable, consisting of an staggered pattern of individual wire fronts that moved in lock-step during elongation. Although the 1 × 27 multi-layer strands exhibited temperature/strain localizations in a distributed pattern during transformations, the localizations did not propagate and their cause was traced back to contact indentations (stress concentrations) arising from the cable’s fabrication. The normalized axial torque responses of the multi-layer 1 × 27 components during transformation were distinctly non-monotonic and complex, due to the alternating handedness of the layers. Force and torque contributions of individual wire layers were deduced by subtracting 1 × 27 component responses, which helped to clarify the transformation kinetics within each layer and explain the unusual force and torque undulations seen in the 1 × 27 cable response of Part I.     

岩石脆性破坏临界信息综合识别

岩石脆性破坏导致的各种现象可以分为两类：①与物理力学参数和结构特征改变有关,表现为岩石本身变得破碎,承载力降低,变形速率增大,模量变小,渗透率增大,波速参数与电阻率值突变;②与能量释放及物理场参数变化有关,体现在声发射信号激增,电磁辐射强度增加,红外辐射加大。试验和理论分析表明：单轴条件下岩石破裂前临界特征点所对应的应力和岩石峰值应力比值的约在70%与80%之间,均值约为75%。通过本文分析可知,岩石脆性破坏的各种信息与岩石微破裂发展存在特定的关联性,利用综合信息源可以很好的进行脆性破坏临界点的识别。     

二维联合概率分布函数构造方法对结构串联系统可靠度影响分析

简要介绍了两种构造联合分布函数近似方法：基于Pearson相关系数的近似方法P和基于Spearman相关系数的近似方法S。推导了基于直接积分方法的串联系统失效概率计算公式,提出了两构件功能函数间负相关时串联结构系统失效概率上限值的计算公式。以理论联合概率分布函数是二维极值分布为例研究了两种近似方法在串联系统可靠度计算中的精度。结果表明,两种近似方法能够有效地计算串联结构系统可靠度,且精度很高,为不完备概率信息条件下串联结构系统可靠度分析提供了一条有效的途径。当两构件的功能函数正相关时,两种近似方法误差随串联系统失效概率的减小而增加,但近似方法与精确方法系统失效概率的差别最大也不会超过2倍;当两构件的功能函数负相关时,两种近似方法误差随系统失效概率的减小而减小,但两种近似方法的失效概率几乎与精确解一样。此外,两种近似方法误差不是随构件间相关性的增加而单调增加,而是存在一极大值。     

基于灰色关联度的中国海洋产业结构分析

简要分析了中国海洋经济的发展现状与趋势, 着重对我国主要海洋产业进行了关联度分析, 得出我国海洋经济的支柱产业和主导产业以及海洋产业结构存在的问题, 并据此提出了中国海洋产业结构优化升级对策等方面的建议.     

数字图像相关曲面拟合法相关系数修正算法的实验研究

为了提高数字图像相关曲面拟合法亚像素定位精度,经研究发现,在实际应用中,曲面拟合法在亚像素位移为0.5像素左右时会发生较大的波动,与实际亚像素位移发生一定偏离,导致此位置位移的不连续。本文通过分析曲面拟合法亚像素位移偏离真实位移的原因,给出了具体修正方法,用模拟平移实验讨论了修正系数k和子区大小对修正结果的影响,用三点弯曲实验验证了修正方法在复杂变形情况下的有效性,提高了曲面拟合法在实际应用中的测量精度。     

结构可靠性分析的自适应子集模拟方法

结构可靠性分析需要精确高效的失效概率计算方法。为解决高维非线性可靠性分析问题中的失效概率计算问题,本文提出了两种以失效概率估计精度为停机控制参数的自适应子集模拟方法。理论分析和数值算例表明:(1) 两种自适应子集模拟方法能根据失效概率的估计精度要求自适应调整样本量;(2) 考虑样本量优化的自适应子集模拟方法能进一步减少总样本量,提高计算效率。本文所提方法为研究者对结构进行精确高效的可靠性分析提供了一条可行途径。     

The power spectrum and correlation of flow noise for an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the flow noise for an axisymmetric body is important for improving the performance of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform. Analytical calculation and numerical analysis of the physical features of the flow noise for an axisymmetric body are presented and a simulation scheme for the noise correlation on the hydrophones is given. It is shown that the numerical values of the flow noise coincide well with the analytical values. The main physical features of flow noise are obtained. The flow noises of two different models are compared and a model with a rather optimal fore-body shape is given. The flow noise in horizontal symmetry profile of the axisymmetric body is non-uniform, but it is omni-directional and has little difference in the cross section of the body. The loss of noise diffraction has a great effect on the flow noise from boundary layer transition. Meanwhile, based on the simulation, the noise power level increases with velocity to approximately the fifth power at high frequencies, which is consistent with the experiment data reported in the literature. Furthermore, the flow noise received by the acoustic array has lower correlation at a designed central frequency, which is important for sonar system design.     

The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the diffracted sound field on the surface of an axisymmetric body is important for predicting the self-noise of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform.The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body was calculated by the geometrical theory of diffraction.The diffraction ray between the source point and the receiving point on the surface of an axisymmetric body was calculated by using the dynamic programming method.Based on the diffracted sound field,a simulation scheme for the noise correlation of the conformal array was presented.It was shown that the normalized pressure of the diffracted sound field from the transition region reduced with the increases of the frequency and the curvature of the ray.The flow noises of two models were compared and a rather optimum fore-body geometric shape was given.Furthermore,it was shown that the correlation of the flow noise in the low frequencies was stronger than that in the high frequencies.And the flow noise received by the acoustic array on the curved surface had a stronger correlation than that on the head plane at the designed center frequency,which is important for sonar system design.