On general form of Navier-Stokes equations and implicit factored scheme

A general weak conservative form of Navier-Stokes equations expressed with respect to non-orthogonal Curvilinear coordinates and with primitive variables was obtained by using tensor analysis technique, where the contravariant and covariant velocity components were employed. Compared with the current coordinate transformation method, the established equations are concise and forthright, and they are more convenient to be used for solving problems in body-fitted curvilinear coordinate system. An implicit factored scheme for solving the equations is presented with detailed discussions in this paper. For n-dimensional flow the algorithm requires n-steps and for each step only a block tridiagonal matrix equation needs to be solved. It avoids inverting the matrix for large systems of equations and enhances the speed of arithmetic. In this study, the Beam- Warming’s implicit factored schceme is extended and developed in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system.     

Observation of room temperature negative differential resistance in solution synthesized ZnO nanorod

We report the observation of negative differential resistance (NDR) in solution synthesized ZnO nanorod. The ZnO nanorod was fabricated as a two terminal planar device using lithographically patterned Au electrodes. The measured current–voltage response of the device has shown a negative differential resistance behavior. The peak-to-valley current ratio of the NDR is found to be greater than 4. The mechanism of this observed NDR effect has been explained based on charge trapping and de-trapping at the nanoscale contacts. It is the first observation of negative differential resistance effect in solution synthesized ZnO nanorod.     

Liouville Integrable System and Associated Integrable Coupling

Liouville integrable discrete integrable system is derived based on discrete isospectral problem. It is shown that the hierarchy is completely integrable in the Liouville sense and possesses bi-Hamiltonian structure. Finally, integrable couplings of the obtained system is given by means of semi-direct sums of Lie algebras.     

外形分析-拟合求导法测接触角

在外界来流作用下,液滴在固体表面上呈现周期性振荡特性,接触角的动态变化是表征该过程特性的重要参数, 传统方法不适用此接触角测量。在分析常用接触角测量方法的基础上,提出外形分析-拟合求导法测量动态接触角,同经典测量方法对比表明,外形分析-拟合求导法可很好地满足测量精度要求。     

A simple solution-immersion process for the fabrication of superhydrophobic cupric stearate surface with easy repairable property

The present work reports a simple and time-saving method to fabricate cupric stearate film on zinc substrate by a solution-immersion process. Superhydrophobic surfaces are conventionally prepared employing two steps: roughening a surface and lowering its surface energy. The fabrication of superhydrophobic cupric stearate surface is reported using a one-step process by immersing a zinc plate coated with copper into the stearic acid solution, simplifying the complexity of two different steps involved in the conventional methods. The surface of the zinc plate coated with copper is found to be covered with low surface energy cupric stearate film providing the water contact angle of 160 ± 1° with the rolling off properties. In addition, the damaged superhydrophobic surface can restore superhydrophobicity property by immersing the surface into the stearic acid solution again.     

Preconditioning techniques for iterative solvers in the Discrete Sources Method

Different preconditioning techniques for the iterative method MinRes as solver for the Discrete Sources Method (DSM) are presented. This semi-analytical method is used for light scattering computations by particles in the Mie scattering regime. Its numerical schema includes a linear least-squares problem commonly solved using the QR decomposition method. This could be the subject of numerical difficulties and instabilities for very large particles or particles with extreme geometry. In these cases, we showed that iterative methods with preconditioning techniques can provide a satisfying solution.In our previous paper, we studied four different iterative solvers (RGMRES, BiCGStab, BiCGStab(l), and MinRes) considering the performance and the accuracy of a solution. Here, we study several preconditioning techniques for the MinRes method for a variety of oblate and prolate spheroidal particles of different size and geometrical aspect ratio. Using preconditioning techniques we highly accelerated the iterative process especially for particles with a higher aspect ratio.     

Inverse problems of aggregation processes

The coagulation frequency is the key ingredient in the population balance (Smoluchowski) equation of coagulation kinetics. An inverse problem is formulated to extract the coagulation frequency from transient size distributions when these distributions are self-similar. Two numerical examples illustrate the procedure. The first demonstrates the inverse problem for the recovery of singular coagulation frequencies, while the second shows the procedure when self-similarity is approximate. Transient droplet coagulation experiments in a turbulent flow field have been performed. The resulting size distributions are observed to be self-similar. The inverse problem is used to determine the drop coagulation frequency. This frequency shows significant deviation from the coagulation frequencies derived from simple models of drop-drop interactions in a turbulent flow field.     

Adhesion elastic contact and hysteresis effect

In this paper, we study the relationship between the pull-off force and the transition parameter (or Tabor number) as well as the variation of the pull-off radius with the transition parameter in the adhesion elastic contact. Hysteresis models are presented to describe the contact radius as a function of external loads in loading and unloading processes. Among these models, we verified the hysteresis model from Johnson－Kendall－Roberts theory, based on which the calculated results are in good agreement with experimental ones.     

基于粗糙度曲线统计特征的接触热阻模型

本文在对粗糙度曲线统计特征分析的基础上,提出了一种接触热阻的计算模型。分别采用四种接触峰的评定标准,对实际机械加工表面的接触热阻进行了计算。研究结果表明,评定标准的选取直接影响接触热阻的计算结果;在同一接触峰评定标准下,两块平均粗糙度值相差较大的表面,其接触热阻计算值的离散区域也有可能重叠。所以,在计算接触热阻时,仅仅使用一两个平均化的粗糙度统计参数来表征整个表面的形貌特征是不够的。     

提高大学物理实验教学效果的几种方法

本文阐述了提高大学物理实验教学效果的几种方法：提高认识、操作技术、故障排除、联系理论以及注重反馈。