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51.
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53.
The research described in this paper presents a method for chemically modifying the surface of plant photosynthetic membranes
in such a way that electrical contact can be made. Colloidal platinum was prepared, precipitated directly onto thylakoid membranes
from aqueous solution, and entrapped on fiberglass filter paper. This composition of matter was capable of sustained simultaneous
photoevolution of hydrogen and oxygen when irradiated at any wavelength (400–700 nm) in the chlorophyll absorption spectrum.
Experimental data support the interpretation that part of the platinum metal catalyst is precipitated adjacent to the photosystem-I
reduction site of photosynthesis and that electron transfer occurs across the interface between photosystem I and the catalyst.
When contacted with metal electrodes, the thylakoid-platinum combination was capable of generating a sustained flow of current
through an external load resistor. Procedures for preparing this material and experimental data on its catalytic and electronic
properties are presented. Also presented is an analysis of the flow of photocurrent in terms of the interfacial electron transfer
reactions that occur at the interfaces of the components of the assembly. 相似文献
54.
A. Bismarck M. Pfaffernoschke M. Selimović J. Springer 《Colloid and polymer science》1998,276(12):1110-1116
The grafting method that has successfully been applied to methacrylic acid and liquid crystalline monomers was expanded to
prepare amphoteric carbon fiber surfaces using 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate as monomer. The obtained carbon fiber surfaces were characterized by contact angle and ζ-potential
measurements. The expected basic behavior was not observed, instead an amphoteric character of the modified carbon fiber surface
was found. The fiber surfaces display a basic character in the acidic pH-range, while they are acidic in the alkaline part
of the pH-scale.
An important influence is derived from the amount of initiator used to graft the monomers onto the fibers. The smaller the
initiator concen-tration used during polymerization, the larger the amount of amino functionalities introduced to the carbon
fiber surface.
The wetting behavior versus water depends on the overall conformation of the immobilized polymer. During immersion into water
the polymer acts hydrophobic, while during emersion, a hydrophilic character is observed, probably derived from conformational
changes and swelling during the contact angle measure-ments in water.
Received: 9 June 1998 Accepted: 13 August 1998 相似文献
55.
O. F. Shlensky 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1993,40(3):941-947
New modifications of a contact heater are suggested for investigating thermal decomposition processes, as well as for determining
kinetic characteristics of substances under conditions of intense heating to a fixed constant temperature.
Zusammenfassung Zur Untersuchung von thermischen Zersetzungsprozessen und der Bestimmung der Reaktionskinetik von Substanzen bei intensivem Erhitzen auf vorgegebene konstante Temperaturen wird eine neue Abart von Kontakterhitzern beschrieben.相似文献
56.
Optical Nonlinearity of Hybrid and Nanocomposite Materials Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fuxi Gan 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1998,13(1-3):559-563
In this paper the nonlinear refractive index, optical limiting effect, photoinduced and electroinduced second harmonic generation of dye-doped hybrid and nanoparticle-doped composite materials prepared by the sol-gel process have been reported. The origin of these nonlinear optical effects has been discussed. 相似文献
57.
V. Yu. Filinovskii 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2006,42(12):1319-1324
Identity of mathematical problems concerning calculation of the distribution of reactants’ concentrations and the current near the surface of a nonuniform (strip) electrode and distribution of displacements and forces in the case of an elastic layer “antiplane” deformation caused by the punch action. Formulas for calculating the current at a strip electrode are derived for various ratios between the electrode width and the diffusion layer thickness by means of asymptotic methods designed for calculating problems of mechanical contact interactions. It is noted that calculations of the diffusion current for involved activity distributions at the electrode surface may benefit from asymptotic methods of mechanics of contact interactions. 相似文献
58.
The title compound, (isopropylxanthato)(phenyl)mercury(I), was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and thermogravimetric analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) method calculations were performed at B3LYP/CEP-121G and B3LYP/CEP-31G levels of theory, respectively. Vibrational frequencies were predicted, assigned, compared with the experimental values, and they are supported each other. The calculated results show that the strength of bond Hg—C is stronger than that of Hg—S, which is good agreement with the experimental data. The calculations of the second order optical nonlinearity and electronic absorption spectra are also performed. 相似文献
59.
Thomas R. Gengenbach Zoran R. Vasic Sheng Li Ronald C. Chatelier Hans J. Griesser 《Plasmas and Polymers》1997,2(2):91-114
The properties and composition of plasma polymer surfaces stored in air can change considerably over time, especially as a
result of oxidative reactions. When plasma polymers contain an element other than O, it is possible to probe for mechanisms
in addition to oxidation that contribute to the aging of the surface. Plasma polymers containing N were fabricated from either
1,3-diaminopropane (DAP),n-heptylamine (nHA), or allylamine (AA), and studied by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and air/water contact angles
(CA). For each of the plasma polymers, a multiexponential increase in the O/C ratio was observed over time using XPS. The
N/C ratios remained constant (AA) or decreased somewhat (nHA and DAP). In contrast, the trends in CA values differed, declining
for the nHA surfaces, rising for the AA, and changing little for the DAP. Surface roughness, assessed by scanning tunnelling
or atomic force microscopy, did not change over time. The diverse adjustments in the polarity of each surface and the similar
compositional changes between them are reconcilable if the aging of the plasma polymer surface is a manifestation of the superposition
of concurrent oxidative reactions and partial surface reorientation; the former introduce polar groups and the latter transports
then from the surface to deeper regions beyond the CA probe depth but within the XPS analysis depth. These processes vary
between different plasma polymers. Data for the alkylamine plasma polymers is also compared with that for two plasma polymers
fabricated from methanol. The change in composition, but not polarity, of the DAP surface after 4 days of storage demonstrates
the importance of using multiple techniques to characterize the aging of plasma polymer surfaces. 相似文献
60.
Artem Malakho Marc Dussauze Bogdan Lazoryak Frederic Adamietz 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2005,178(6):1888-1897
Crystallization of glasses with compositions (1−x)(0.95 NaPO3+0.05 Na2B4O7)+xNb2O5, x=0.4, 0.43, 0.45, 0.48 was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. Crystallization of two phases was observed in the glasses with x=0.43-0.48. First phase is a sodium niobate with the structure of tetragonal tungsten bronze () and second phase is Na4Nb8P4O32 (). The crystallization of sodium niobate is correlated with increasing of nonlinear optical efficiency reported for thermally poled glasses with x>0.4. The results of Raman spectroscopy show the formation of three-dimensional (3D) niobium oxide framework in the glasses with increase of niobium concentration. This framework is supposed to have tetragonal tungsten bronze structure and to be responsible for nonlinear optical properties of the glass. Second harmonic generation signals of as prepared and crystallized glass after thermal poling are compared. The nucleation and crystallization do not improve the NLO properties of the glasses under study. 相似文献