基于石膏材料的小结构重力坝损伤本构模型研究

大坝模型试验的模型材料力学性能是试验成功与否的关键影响因素。基于石膏模型材料基本力学性质和混凝土材料基本相似的实际情况,考虑石膏模型材料的孔隙率,在能量损伤理论模型的基础上,结合工程规范,建立了石膏模型材料的受拉损伤本构模型。同时,分析了模型材料应变率对材料峰值应力的影响,引入动应力提高系数,并给出了与应变率相关的模型材料受拉损伤本构模型。利用该本构模型模拟了动荷载下石膏模型重力坝的破坏过程,并与模型试验结果进行对比。结果表明：数值模拟得到的重力坝开裂破坏的位置、形式与模型试验结果较为接近。     

构元组集损伤断裂模型及其与内聚区模型的比较

结构的响应实质上是材料的响应,宏观结构损伤至断裂的发展过程也是材料性质不断演化的结果.构元组集模型从材料的微观物理变形机制出发,基于对泛函势理论和Cauchy-Born准则,抽象出两种构元:弹簧束构元和体积构元.在微观层次上,结构损伤和断裂的实质都是原子间键合力减弱和丧失的结果,而弹簧束构元是同一方向上的原子键的抽象,因此损伤可以通过弹簧束构元的响应曲线来反映.组集两种构元的响应,建立了材料的弹性损伤本构关系,从而能一致描述材料从弹性到损伤、破坏的发展过程.将构元组集模型的本构关系嵌入ABAQUS的用户材料单元子程序UMAT,实现对结构响应的数值模拟.论文模拟了包含中心预制裂纹三点弯曲梁的裂纹扩展过程,并与内聚区模型比较,给出了内聚区模型所假设的应力-位移关系曲线,并从材料损伤演化的角度对材料裂纹扩展过程做出了物理解释.     

有限变形下单晶变温本构模型

论文构造了单晶热弹粘塑性的本构模型,模拟材料在不同温度下的力学行为.该模型以晶体热运动学作为分析变形的基础,即考虑温度变化情况下总体变形梯度的乘式分解,建立温度影响下的以弹性变形梯度为基本变量的控制方程来描述单晶材料的变形,算法采用隐式积分方法来求解控制方程以保证计算的稳定性.模型能反映单晶材料变形过程中温度对应力-应变响应的影响.     

基于Maxwell-Rivlin-Ericksen理论的MRM本构关系的算法探究

从Maxwell电磁场理论出发,得到磁流变材料的电磁学本构方程,基于Rivlin-Ericksen理论,结合质量守恒定律及动量守恒定理,提出了普适的磁流变材料Cauchy应力σ的一种本构关系.与牛顿粘性流体及热力学第二定律相结合确定了算法中磁流变材料本构关系的基本参数.以平行板间磁流变材料运动为算例,计算结果验证了本模型切实有效.最后与美国Lord公司配置的典型磁流变材料MRM-132LD结果进行比较,结论吻合良好,希望该工作能有力推动磁流变材料的迅猛发展.     

MULTI-SCALE NUMERICAL MODEL FOR SIMULATING CONCRETE MATERIAL BASED ON FRACTAL THEORY

A new multi-scale numerical model is presented using the fractal theory and adopting FEM to simulate the failure of concrete.The relation between the fractal box dimension in large scale and the damage to concrete in small scale is deduced.And the evolutionary process of elastic modulus and strength in small scale is given.Consequently,the multi-scale numerical model is proposed to describe the constitutive relation of concrete between small scale and large scale.A two-dimensional static analysis of a concrete block is performed by using this model and the calculation result is discussed.The propagation of cracks of the concrete block is also studied.     

双基推进剂的高应变率力学特性及其含损伤ZWT本构

为了解双基推进剂在冲击载荷下的力学特性及本构行为,利用材料试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）对双基推进剂进行了单轴压缩实验,并对实验数据的有效性进行了检验。用二波法对实验数据进行处理,得到了双基推进剂的应力应变曲线。实验结果表明：双基推进剂具有明显的应变率相关性,动态下屈服应力与静态下相比明显提高,且屈服应力表现为应变率对数的双线性关系;双基推进剂屈服应变表现为延脆转换特性,在低应变率下表现为延展性,高应变率下表现为冲击脆化特性。利用含损伤朱王唐（ZWT）本构模型对实验结果进行了拟合,得到了模型中的本构参数,并对损伤因子项进行了分析。通过模型预测曲线与实验曲线的对比,发现含损伤ZWT本构能较好地描述双基推进剂在0～0.14应变范围内的力学特性。     

DH36钢拉伸塑性流动特性及本构关系

对DH36钢在温度从293~800 K、应变率为0.001和0.1 s-1的拉伸塑性流动特性进行实验研究,通过端口形貌图对变形前后的试样进行了微观分析,结果表明：(1)在实验温度范围内,0.001和0.1 s-1的应变率下,第三型应变时效现象出现,随应变率的增加,时效发生的温度区域移向更高温度;(2)第三型应变时效的发生与合金原子在晶界和晶粒中大量的第二相析出强化有关联;(3)建立包含第三型应变时效现象的统一本构模型,通过比较该模型能够较好的预测DH36的塑性拉伸流动应力。     

RESEARCH OF CONSTITUTIVE RELATION CORRECTION OF GEOTECHNICAL MATERIALS AND THEORETICAL SOLUTION DUE TO PILE-SOIL INTERACTION

地基土的变形模量值不仅和土层所受的先期固结压力大小直接相关, 还受桩土作用产生的附加体积应变的影响.首先, 针对岩土散体材料分析其本构关系的主要影响因素, 研究模量随埋藏深度和体积应变的变化规律, 并对Duncan-Chang本构模型进行抗拉模量值修正.其次, 综合考虑岩土材料拉压模量不等修正以及桩土作用位移边界特点, 应用变分理论推导桩土作用造成的位移、应变和应力场理论解答.最后, 应用已有的经典土压力理论和小孔扩张理论对理论推导结果进行对比和分析验证.研究结果对桩基础设计施工、相应环境保护措施的选择和设计有较大的指导作用.     

Reply to comment on “On the controversy around Daganzo’s requiem for and Aw-Rascle’s resurrection of second-order traffic flow models” by H.M. Zhang

This contribution compares several different approaches allowing one to derive macroscopic traffic equation directly from microscopic car-following models. While it is shown that some conventional approaches lead to theoretical problems, it is proposed to use an approach reminding of smoothed particle hydrodynamics to avoid gradient expansions. The derivation circumvents approximations and, therefore, demonstrates the large range of validity of macroscopic traffic equations, without the need of averaging over many vehicles. It also gives an expression for the “traffic pressure”, which generalizes previously used formulas. Furthermore, the method avoids theoretical inconsistencies of macroscopic traffic models, which have been criticized in the past by Daganzo and others.     

A physical mechanism based investigation on the elasto-plastic-damage behavior of anisotropic aluminum alloys under finite deformation

The elasto-plastic-damage behavior of anisotropic aluminum alloys is investigated under finite deformation using a physical mechanism based constitutive model. With an application to the structural calculation, the present model is used to describe and analyze the mechanical response of anisotropic 6260-T6 aluminum alloy extrusions. For the tensile specimens extracted along three different material orientations from the extruded aluminum profile, twelve simulations are carried out covering four different specimen geometries. The simulation results in force-displacement response and central logarithmic axial strain evolution are compared with experimental results. From the comparisons, it can be concluded that the present model has the capacity to describe the behavior of anisotropic material. From the force-displacement curves, the anisotropy is observed in different material orientations, and the physical mechanism of anisotropy is analyzed.